FIGURE 9:

The LLO-dependent entry pathway is dispensable for membrane resealing. HepG2 cells were plated in a 96-well plate and incubated in the presence of DMSO (control), GF109203x, cytochalasin D (CD), or CK-666 in Ca²⁺-containing medium (M1) or in DMSO in Ca²⁺-free medium (M2, control for membrane repair). Cells were exposed to 0.25, 0.5, or 1 nM LLO, and the fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide (PI) was measured in the plate reader every 5 min for 30 min at 37°C. Experimental triplicates were performed for each condition, and three independent experiments were performed. Data are presented as the average PI intensity ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed as described under Materials and Methods and are presented in the text box (n = 3).