Table 1. Characteristics and studied parameters of the 60 patients at different stages of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), 20 patients on hemodialysis (HD) and 20 matched healthy controls that were included in the study.

CKD: chronic kidney disease, HD: hemodialysis, ClCr: creatinine clearance, U: urea, Cr: creatinine Ca: calcium, P: phosphorus, Alp: alkaline phosphatase. One-way ANOVA analysis was used for comparing quantitative measurements of the study groups. The asterisk (*) indicates statistically signifi cant differences between the studied parameters.