Table 3.
Case summary
| Case | Age (year) | Diameter battery (mm) | Time to presentation (h) | Symptoms at presentation | Death/EAF | ETF | Stenosis after perforation and mediastinitis | Perforation and mediastinitis | Vocal cord paralysis | RI | Other complications | Clinical course |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.81 | 20 | 336 | Sore throat, vomiting, swallowing and feeding problems, fever | x | Death due to massive bleeding through EAF | Thoracotomy | |||||
| 2 | 0.76 | 20 | 16.5 | Coughing, drooling, vomiting | x | Mediastinitis | Rigid endoscopy, gastrostomy, tracheal cannula, stent placements, long-term admittance intensive care. Healing trachea with trachea malacie | |||||
| 3 | 1.37 | 21 | 288 | Swallowing and feeding problems, coughing, weight loss, fever | x | x | Gastroscopy, spontaneous healing esophago-tracheal fistula, multiple stent placements, temporarily gastrostomy, admittance intensive care | |||||
| 4 | 1.38 | 17 | 588 | Fever, coughing, swallowing and feeding problems | x | x | x | Full left lung atelectasis, aortic bleeding, arteria spinalis anterior syndrome with paralysis both legs | Thoracotomy, ECMO, esophagotomy, gastrostomy, resuscitation, re-thoracotomy twice, aortic stent, jejunostomy, second gastrostomy, esophageal drain | |||
| 5 | 0.75 | 20 | 168 | Diarrhea, distended abdomen, vomiting, fever | x | x | Gastroscopy, ECMO, reintubation, partial tracheal resection, mucus neck fistula | |||||
| 6 | 1.75 | 20 | 1 | Asymptomatic | x | x | Gastroscopy, readmittance 6 days after removal because of respiratory insufficiency as a consequence of multiple fistulas. Surgical correction should take place in the future | |||||
| 7 | 5.04 | 21 | 2160 | Swallowing and feeding problems, weight loss, pain between scapulae | x | Gastroscopy, gastrostomy, partial esophageal resection, central venous entrances, multiple dynamic stent placements and dilatations | ||||||
| 8 | 2.23 | 24.3 | 2 | Asymptomatic | x | x | Gastroscopy, regastroscopy and rigid endoscopy, intubation | |||||
| 9 | 2.43 | 15 | 3.5 | Vomiting, drowsiness | x | Gastroscopy | ||||||
| 10 | 0.90 | 13 | 1.5 | Drooling | x | Rigid endoscopy/Magill, multiple dilatations | ||||||
| 11 | 1.41 | U | 2.5 | Gagging | x | Rigid endoscopy, multiple dilatations | ||||||
| 12 | 0.58 | 20 | 1 | Asymptomatic | x | Gastroscopy and rigid endoscopy | ||||||
| 13 | 1.03 | 20 | 72 | Swallowing and feeding problems, melaena, fever | x | Gastroscopy, swallowing problems for 2 months | ||||||
| 14 | 4.50 | 21 | 5 | Gagging | x | x | Rigid endoscopy | |||||
| 15 | 1.86 | 22.3 | 5 | Unknown | x | Rigid endoscopy/laryngoscopy, gastroscopy, trachea cannula, decanulation and closure tracheostomy after 1.5 years | ||||||
| 16 | 0.91 | 24.3 | 2.5 | Drooling, dyspnoea, vomiting, gagging | x | Gastroscopy together with ENT, swallowing and feeding problems persisted for 4 months |
U unknown, EAF esophago-aortal fistula, ETF esophago-tracheal fistula, RI respiratory insufficiency