Table 3.
Maternal sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics of the postnatal sample with psychiatric disorders according to antidepressant exposure during pregnancy (n=173)
| Antidepressant in pregnancy
|
||
|---|---|---|
| No, n=87 | Yes, n=86 | |
| Pregnancy characteristics | ||
| Weeks since childbirth, n (%) | ||
| 0–12 | 22 (25.3) | 16 (18.6) |
| 13–24 | 14 (16.1) | 13 (15.1) |
| ≥25 | 51 (58.6) | 57 (66.3) |
| No previous children, n (%) | 42 (48.3) | 39 (45.4) |
| No perinatal use of folate,a n (%) | 5 (5.8) | 7 (8.1) |
| Completely unplanned pregnancy, n (%) | 16 (18.4) | 15 (17.4) |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
| Residence, n (%) | ||
| Western Europe | 27 (31.0) | 30 (34.9) |
| Northern Europe | 31 (35.6) | 51 (59.3) |
| Eastern Europe | 29 (33.3) | 5 (5.8) |
| Maternal age (years; range 15–50), mean (SD) | 29.0 (6.7) | 31.7 (5.5) |
| Marital status, no (%) | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 72 (82.8) | 78 (90.7) |
| Other than above | 15 (17.2) | 8 (9.3) |
| Working status at conception, n (%) | ||
| Employed | 42 (48.3) | 48 (55.8) |
| Student | 19 (61.3) | 12 (38.7) |
| Homemaker | 15 (17.2) | 12 (14.0) |
| Job seeker/others | 11 (12.6) | 14 (16.3) |
| Educational attainment, n (%) | ||
| Below high school | 17 (19.5) | 11 (12.8) |
| High school | 39 (44.8) | 33 (45.8) |
| Above high school | 31 (42.5) | 42 (48.8) |
| Immigrant status (yes),b n (%) | 3 (3.5) | 4 (4.7) |
| Lifestyle characteristics | ||
| Alcohol use during pregnancy (yes),c n (%) | 19 (21.8) | 14 (16.3) |
| Smoking during pregnancy (yes), n (%) | 16 (18.4) | 13 (15.1) |
| Neurotic personality traits (range 8–40),d mean (SD) | 28.8 (5.4) | 28.2 (5.2) |
| Health-related characteristics | ||
| Medical contact due to fertility problems (yes), n (%) | 15 (17.2) | 14 (16.3) |
| Nausea in pregnancy (yes), n (%) | 66 (75.9) | 68 (79.1) |
| Sleeping problems in pregnancy (yes), n (%) | 54 (62.1) | 50 (58.1) |
| Chronic somatic comorbidity (yes),e n (%) | 64 (73.6) | 43 (50.0) |
| Comedication in pregnancy | ||
| Anxiolytics and sedatives | 8 (9.2) | 16 (18.6) |
| Antipsychotics | 7 (8.1) | 9 (10.5) |
| Antiepileptics | 4 (4.6) | 6 (7.0) |
| Acetaminophen | 49 (56.3) | 71 (82.6) |
Notes: Missing values were <1.5% for immigrant status, employment, unplanned pregnancy, smoking, fertility problems, folate use, and alcohol use and between 2.5% and 3.0% for neuroticism traits.
Indicates use of folate before and/or during pregnancy;
women having the first language different from the official main language in the country of residence;
indicates alcohol consumption after awareness of the pregnancy;
measured via the Big Five Inventory personality scale;
defined as self-reported asthma, allergy, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, diabetes (type I or II), and rheumatic or cardiovascular diseases.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.