Table 2.
Relevant studies of siRNA as a silencing mechanism in OSCC using commercial delivery systems used to furnish new mechanistic insights
| Targeted gene | Expression | Delivery system | Type of cell line/animal model | Methods | Effect on | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sox4 | Up | Lipofectamine 3000 | UM1 cell line | MTT assay, cell counting kit, matrigel invasion assay | Reduce proliferation and invasion | 78 |
| Pa28α | Up | Lipofectamine™ 2000 | CAL 27 and HSC-3 cell line BALB/c nude mice | Western blot, MTT assay, plate clonogenic assay, Edu assay, TUNEL assay, single scratch wound assay, tumor size measurement, immunohistochemical analysis of PCNA and CD34 | Cell growth and proliferation | 93 |
| Cd47 | Up | Lipofectamine RNAiMAX | HSC-3 cell line cocultured with CD68+ and CD163+ macrophage | Flow cytometry CFSE+ CD33+- engulfed cells | Anti-phagocytic | 94 |
| IL-8 | Up | Lipofectamine RNAiMAX | SCC-4, SCC-9, SCC-25 cell lines | qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemical staining, MTT assay, clonogenic assay, Lipofectamine 2000 siRNA transfection | Reduce proliferation and colony formation | 81 |
| Ck14 | Up | Lipofectamine 2000 | 3D cultures from fresh tissues of patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas | Collective invasion in an ex vivo 3D culture assay, Western blot, micrographs of the border | Reduce proliferation rate and metastatic capacity | 84 |
| Cxcr4 | Up | Lipofectamine 2000 | TSCC cell line | Wound healing assay, transwell assay, Western blot, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry analysis | Regulate EMT and prevent metastasis | 83 |
| Frmd4A | Up | Lipofectamine RNAiMAX | CAL 27 cell line | Western blot, propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, cell counting kit, wound healing assay, matrigel invasion assay | Reduce tumor progression and metastasis | 75 |
| Has2 | Up | Lipofectamine 2000 | Primary fibroblasts from 48 patients – NF and CAF, the CAL 27 cell line | Western blot, immunofluorescence, wound healing and matrigel invasion assay, bromodeoxyuridine assay, RayBio antibody array | Regulate EMT and reduce invasion | 85 |
| Versican | Up | Lipofectamine 2000 | SCC-15 cell line | Western blot, transwell assay, matrigel invasion assay | Reduce migration, invasion, and tumor progression | 95 |
| Angptl4 | Up in late- stages | Lipofectamine 3000 | TSCC cells | Immunohistochemistry staining, qRT-PCR, Western blot, transwell plate invasion, colony-forming assay, cell counting kit | Reduce cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis | 89 |
| Ctsb | Up | Not specified | OC2 and CAL 27 cell lines | Western blot, transwell migration assays | Prevent metastasis | 96 |
| MMP-10 and Slug | TGFβ-induced expression | Lipofectamine RNAiMAX | HSC-4 cell line | qRT-PCR, Western blot, Boyden chamber assay | Regulate TGFβ-induced invasion | 87 |
| Ang2 | Up | FuGENE HD transfection reagent | TCA8113 cell line, BALB/c nude mice | Western blot, MTS assay, fluorescence channel analysis, flow cytometry, transwell chamber, ELISA, tumor volume measurement, TUNEL assay, immunohistochemical and quantification analysis of CD31 protein | Regulate EMT, prevent angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis Inhibit apoptosis | 90 |
Abbreviations: ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; MTS, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; siRNA, small interfering RNA; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.