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Creation of hierarchical rough zirconia with meso-, micro-, and nano-scale morphology.
Notes: (A) Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of machined zirconia and laser-engraved hierarchically roughened zirconia. The dotted lines within SEM images represent valley- or pit-like structures at the micron-scale. (B) Quantitative topographical evaluations (histograms) of the two zirconia surfaces. **p<0.01, statistically significant.
