Reduction of SFRP3 mRNA expression highly correlates with epigenetic inactivation in adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. (A) and (B) DNA hypermethylation of the SFRP3 promoter analyzed in primary tumor and normal tissue samples based on data of the TCGA Illumina HumanMethylation450 platform. Patient samples are split into adenocarcinoma (dark green, n = 446), squamous cell carcinoma (light green, n = 357), and normal tissue samples (gray, n = 104). The relative SFRP3 DNA methylation values for each CpG are illustrated in red (high methylation), white (mean methylation), and blue (low methylation). SFRP3 hypermethylation is strongly increased in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma samples compared to normal lung tissue. Horizontal lines: grouped medians. Boxes: 25–75% quartiles. Vertical lines: range, peak, and minimum, ***P < 0.001. (C) and (D) Correlation analyses demonstrate a highly significant inverse correlation between SFRP3 mRNA expression (TCGA IlluminaHiSeq mRNA expression platform) and DNA hypermethylation (TCGA Illumina HumanMethylation450 platform) in primary adenocarcinoma samples (n = 424; Spearman r = −0.3084; P < 0.0001) but not in squamous cell carcinoma samples (n = 355; Spearman r = −0.0074; P = 0.8887).