Table 1A.

Detailed Results from Randomized Controlled Trials of Beta-Blockers after TBI

Author Year (Reference)	N	Intervention	Outcome Measure	Result	P value	Overall Quality Assessment
Cruickshank 1987 (47)	114 (intervention=56, control= 58)	After initial stabilization: Atenolol 10 mg IV every 6 hours for 3 days then 100 mg PO OD for 4 days Vs. matching placebo	Cardiac morbidity defined as: CK-MB level, noradrenaline level, arrhythmia, ST/T wave changes. Secondary outcomes include: hypotension bronchospasm and heart failure	Lower risk of high CK-MB (i.e. >3% of total CK) level (2/27 vs. 9/30); similar noradrenaline levels; lower risk of supraventricular tachycardia (6/56 vs. 28/58); lower risk of ST/T wave changes (15/56 vs. 26/58), No significant difference in other outcomes: hypotension (5/56 vs. 2/58), bradycardia (6/56 vs. 6/58) heart failure (0/56 vs. 0/58), and bronchospasm (1/56 vs. 0/58)	<0.05 for CK-MB, <0.0001 for supraventricular tachycardia, <0.05 for ST/T wave changes, 0.27 for hypotension, 0.95 for bradycardia, 1.0 for heart failure,0.49 for bronchospasm	Poor