Table 2.
Relationships between neighborhood alcohol availability1 and time to onset and odds of recurrence of AUD in a population of Swedish adults
|
Time to AUD onset (N=2,560,045) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
On-premise Restaurants & Bars |
Off-premise Government outlets |
All outlets2 | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
|
| |||
| Model A | 1.21 (1.18; 1.25) | 1.15 (1.12; 1.19) | 1.21 (1.18; 1.24) |
| Model B | 1.17 (1.14; 1.21) | 1.17 (1.13; 1.21) | 1.20 (1.17; 1.23) |
| Model C | 1.17 (1.14; 1.21) | 1.16 (1.13; 1.20) | 1.16 (1.13; 1.19) |
| Sibling analysis for AUD onset | |||
| On-premise | Off-premise | ||
| Restaurants & Bars | Government outlets | All outlets2 | |
| n = 139,287 | n = 118,884 | n = 193,833 | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
|
| |||
| Model A | 1.18 (1.13; 1.22) | 1.16 (1.11; 1.21) | 1.19 (1.15; 1.23) |
| Model B | 1.18 (1.13; 1.24) | 1.18 (1.12; 1.24) | 1.19 (1.15; 1.24) |
| Time to AUD recurrence | |||
| (N=73,877) | |||
| On-premise | Off-premise | All outlets2 | |
| Restaurants & Bars | Government outlets | ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
|
| |||
| Model A | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08) | 1.04 (1.00; 1.07) | 1.04 (1.01; 1.07) |
| Model B | 1.03 (1.01; 1.06) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.07) | 1.04 (1.01; 1.06) |
| Model C | 1.03 (1.00; 1.06) | 1.03 (1.00; 1.07) | 1.02 (1.00; 1.05) |
HR, hazard ratio. CI, confidence interval. OR, odds ratio.
1
Outlets recoded into dichotomous indicator (0 vs. 1 or more alcohol outlets).
2
Also includes nightclubs.
Model A: unadjusted. Model B adjusted for: sex, year of birth, marital status in 2005, disposable income in 2005, educational status in 2005, criminal behavior (ever registered in the criminal register), drug abuse (ever registered for drug abuse), unemployment status in 2005 and neighborhood deprivation, urbanicity. Model C: also adjusted for genetic risk; estimates for control variables included in Supplemental Table 1.