Table 4. Clinical variables associated with the diagnosis of partial or complete ACL tears at maximal AUC identified through penalized logistic regression (n = 279).

	Variables associated with a partial or complete ACL tear (n = 43)	Variables associated with a complete ACL tear only (n = 22)
History elements	Absence of fall on knee at initial trauma	3–4 weeks pain duration at time of consultation
	History of pivoting on knee at initial trauma	Absence of fall on knee at initial trauma
	“Popping sensation” during trauma	History of pivoting on knee at initial trauma
	No or only monthly knee pain*	Impossibility to pursue activity after trauma
		Immediate effusion after trauma
Physical examination tests	Lachman	Lachman
	Pivot shift	Pivot shift

ACL: anterior cruciate ligament; LASSO: Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator; Maximal area under the curve (AUC) was used as the criteria for the final penalty parameter to select variables associated with the presence or absence of ACL tear. Complete ACL tears only was compared to all disorders, including partial tears.

*KOOS question for pain frequency: How often do you experience knee pain: never, monthly, weekly, daily, always. Timing of effusion after trauma included: no effusion, immediate effusion, effusion appeared more than 2 hours after trauma. Pain duration at time of consultation included: 1–2 weeks, 3–4 weeks, 5–6 weeks, 7–8 weeks, 9–11 weeks, 3–6 months, 6–9 months, 9–12 months, more than 12 months.