Table 7. Diagnostic cluster combining history elements and physical examination tests to exclude partial or complete ACL tears (n = 43).

Clusters	Se (95% CI)	Sp (95% CI)	NPV (95% CI)	LR- (95% CI)
Knee complaints are unlikely due to a partial or complete ACL tear in individuals with:	0.93 (0.81–0.99)	0.87 (0.82–0.91)	0.99 (0.96–1.00)	0.08 (0.03–0.24)
➢ Negative history of pivot or “popping” sensation during trauma
AND
➢ Negative Lachman or pivot shift test
Internal validation	0.91 (0.78–0.97)	0.85 (0.80–0.89)	0.98 (0.95–0.99)	0.11 (0.04–0.27)

Se: sensitivity; Sp: specificity; NPV: negative predictive value; LR-: negative likelihood ratio. Clusters are obtained using recursive partitioning with all variables associated with the diagnosis of an ACL tear. Internal validation was assessed by bootstrapping (n = 1000).