(A) Recognition of higher context sentences was measured at SNRs that ranged from poor to favorable without hearing aids (blue), while using their hearing aids before closed-loop training (gold), and when using a hearing aid after closed-loop audiomotor training (black and gold). (B) The percentage point difference in speech accuracy provided by a hearing aid and a hearing aid plus closed-loop training under low (0–6 dB) and high SNR (9 – 21 dB) conditions. HA = hearing aid, CL = Closed loop audio training. Error bars represent s.e.m. (C) Histograms of sentence recognition threshold changes (negative values = better performance) following WM and CL training (gray and black, respectively). Threshold changes 1.3 dB SNR or greater are considered “clinically significant” (red dashed lines). (D) Closed-loop gaming effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (gray shaded areas) for sentence (LC = lower context, HC = higher context) and digits streaming measurements after CL training and at the two-month follow-up visit.