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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017 Dec 27;51:109–115. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.007

Figure 2. Towards a phenomenological and mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of drug tolerant phenotypic states.

Figure 2

(A) The reconstitution of phenotypic diversity after clonal expansion can provide insights into the stability of drug tolerant states.

(B) Live-cell imaging provides the opportunity to zoom into the process of diversity generation from a single cell. By combining information about lineage relationships and end-point single cell phenotype, it is possible to estimate the rates of phenotypic transitions. Adapted from Hormoz et al. [30].

(C) Understanding the way fluctuations in signaling molecules interact with stabilization mechanisms, such as self-reinforcing feedback loops and epigenetic modifications, is critical for controlling the emergence of drug-tolerant states before and after treatment.