Table 3.
Growth Models for Alcohol Problems by Externalizing Genetic Risk
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | se | b | se | b | se | ||
| Age | I | −0.1528*** | (0.0420) | −0.1503*** | (0.0422) | −0.1521*** | (0.0425) |
| S | 0.0744*** | (0.0064) | 0.0745*** | (0.0064) | 0.0738*** | (0.0063) | |
| Q | −0.0020*** | (0.0004) | −0.0020*** | (0.0004) | −0.0020*** | (0.0004) | |
| Genetic Risk | I | −0.0076 | (0.0072) | −0.0069 | (0.0073) | −0.0016 | (0.0112) |
| S | 0.0164*** | (0.0043) | 0.0165*** | (0.0043) | 0.0071 | (0.0067) | |
| Q | −0.0003 | (0.0003) | −0.0003 | (0.0003) | 0.0006 | (0.0004) | |
| Childhood SES | I | −0.0071 | (0.007) | −0.0069 | (0.007) | −0.0219* | (0.0102) |
| S | 0.0018 | (0.0038) | 0.0026 | (0.0039) | 0.0139* | (0.0061) | |
| Q | 0.0000 | (0.0003) | −0.0000 | (0.0003) | −0.0006 | (0.0004) | |
| Female | I | 0.0388** | (0.0148) | 0.0392** | (0.0148) | 0.0346* | (0.0150) |
| S | −0.0236** | (0.0079) | −0.0231** | (0.0079) | −0.0201* | (0.0079) | |
| Q | 0.0005 | (0.0005) | 0.0005 | (0.0005) | 0.0003 | (0.0005) | |
| Family SES × Genetic Risk | I | – | – | 0.0009 | (0.0071) | 0.0064 | (0.0112) |
| S | – | – | 0.0083† | (0.0045) | 0.0080 | (0.0069) | |
| Q | – | – | −0.0006† | (0.0003) | −0.0006 | (0.0004) | |
| Female × Genetic Risk | I | – | – | – | – | −0.0072 | (0.0143) |
| S | – | – | – | – | 0.0163† | (0.0084) | |
| Q | – | – | – | – | −0.0015** | (0.0006) | |
| Female × Childhood SES | I | – | – | – | – | 0.0262* | (0.0132) |
| S | – | – | – | – | −0.0206** | (0.0077) | |
| Q | – | – | – | – | 0.0010† | (0.0005) | |
| Female × Childhood SES × Genetic Risk | I | – | – | – | – | −0.0077 | (0.0142) |
| S | – | – | – | – | −0.0012 | (0.0089) | |
| Q | – | – | – | – | 0.0000 | (0.0006) | |
| Log-likelihood (df) | −3,061.34 (15) | −3,054.90 (18) | −3,040.54 (27) | ||||
| AIC | 6,160.69 | 6,153.79 | 6,143.09 | ||||
All models include low birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal drinking during pregnancy, and maternal age at birth on initial status.
†
p < .10
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001
I = initial status; S = linear slope; Q = quadratic slope
N = 1,845 (Person observations = 5,808)