Table 3.

Preoperative and operative details regarding nine patients who underwent surgery and/or received a final diagnosis of malignancy

Pt. #	Age (y)	Year of diagnosis	Time from diagnosis (mo)	Indication	Primary role of EUS	FNAC	Procedure	Histology
1	63	2005	13	WFs: nodule, cyst size ≥3 cm, cyst wall thickening	Yes	HGA	TP	IPMN-PDAC
2	65	2005	90	WFs: nodule, cyst wall thickening	Yes	HGA	DP	HGD (gastric type)
3	66	2007	58	HRS: jaundice WF: MPD 5–9 mm	Yes (detected solid mass)	LGA	PD	IPMN-PDAC
4a	72	2009	21	WFs: nodule, acute pancreatitis	Yes	—	DP	LGD (gastric type)
5a	46	2010	21	WFs: nodule, cyst size ≥3 cm	Yes	—	PD	IGD (intestinal type)
6b	81	2010	50	WF: MPD 5–9 mm	Yes (detected solid mass)	HGA	—	—
7	52	2011	60	WF: cyst size ≥3 cm (40 mm) Cyst size growth >5 mm/y	No	—	PD	HGD (intestinal type)
8	60	2011	46	WF: MPD 5–9 mm rapidly escalated to HRS: MPD ≥10 mm	Yes	—	PD	IPMN-PDAC
9	57	2011	62	HRS: enhancing nodule	Yes	HGA	PD	HGD (gastric type)

The indications for surgery were established by endoscopic ultrasound in seven out of eight cases. Presence of any other worrisome features was reported, although they would not drive surgical decision per se

DP distal pancreatectomy, EUS endoscopic ultrasound, FNAC fine-needle aspiration cytology, LGA low-grade atypia, LGD low-grade dysplasia, HGA high-grade atypia, HGD high-grade dysplasia, HRS high-risk stigmata, IGD intermediate-grade dysplasia, MPD main pancreatic duct, PD pancreaticoduodenectomy, PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, TP total pancreatectomy, WF worrisome feature

^aSurgical overtreatment of patients with low- to intermediate-grade dysplasia on histological examination

^bInoperable patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma distinct from IPMN