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. 2018 Jun 12;8:8951. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27179-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differential expression of drug metabolic enzymes of primary (a) rat and (b,c) human hepatocytes in the MPOC platform. Hepatocytes cultured in the device were induced with a gradient of 3-MC (one inlet: 0 μM 3-MC and the other inlet: 2 μM 3-MC) at a flow rate of 120 µL/hr for 24 hours. Hepatocytes produced an ascending profile of CYP1A2 expression level along with the width of the device. Image quantification of CYP1A2 staining in hepatocytes was performed by Image J. (a) All data met p < 0.05 except that non-induced vs ch1, ch3 vs ch4, and ch4 vs ch5 are not significant (ANOVA n = 3, Tukey’s test). (b) All data met p < 0.05 except that non-induced vs ch1 and ch3 vs ch4 are not significant (ANOVA n = 7, Tukey’s test). (c) Primary human hepatocytes induced with a gradient of 3-MC produced a zonation of CYP1A2 mRNA fold change along with the width of the device (n = 4, p < 0.05 except for *p = 0.11 and **p = 0.35). Each experiment was replicated using at least three different cell pools. Scale bar: 400 µm.