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. 2018 Jun 12;8:8977. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27119-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DCN inhibits HTR-8 spheroid formation and differentially regulates ES and TS marker expression. (a) Shows DCN effects (250 nM, having no effect on cell viability), on spheroid numbers and spheroid forming efficiency during the first generation. (b) Shows sizes and number of second generation spheroids resulting from DCN-treated first generation spheroids. Significantly reduced mRNA expression of ES cell markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, c) but increased expression of some TS cell markers (CDX2, EOMES and ID2, d) was noted in first generation spheroid in presence of DCN (n = 5, *indicates p < 0.05). Representative immunostaining of spheroids revealed a reduction in ES marker bearing cells (c) with a concomitant increase in TS marker bearing cells (d).