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. 2018 Jun 12;8:8957. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27089-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Neurite outgrowth induced by synthetic peptides derived from NCAM2 FnIII1 and FnIII2. CGNs were treated with dendrimeric peptides at the indicated concentrations for 24 h. The neurons were immunostained and average neurite lengths were estimated by a stereological approach from recorded micrographs. Top panel shows representative micrographs of CGNs: not stimulated (control) (a), stimulated with NCAM2-FnIII1-AB (b), and NCAM2-FnIII2-BC (c). Graphs d-f show data for peptides derived from sequences in NCAM2 FnIII1, and graphs g-i show data for peptides derived from sequences in NCAM2 FnIII2. The graphs present concentration-response curves for average neurite length vs. the concentration of the respective peptides. Data were normalized to the negative control (0 μM peptide) and are shown as mean and SEM (n = 3). The individual concentration-response data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. FnIII1-AB: F (6, 12) = 20.45, P < 0.0001. FnIII1-CD: F (6, 12) = 1.056, P = 0.4384. FnIII1-EF: F (6, 6) = 0.6812, P = 0.6736. FnIII2-AB: F (6, 12) = 0.5348, P = 0.7723. FnIII2-BC: F (6, 12) = 3.944, P = 0.0207. FnIII2-FG: F (6, 12) = 2.844, P = 0.0583. *^,** and ***p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively, when compared to control. Scale bars = 10 µm. The total average neurite length per cell for peptides can be found in Supplementary Table S3.