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. 2018 Jun 12;8:8965. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27313-4

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Systemic FF3 induces central and intestinal side effects at high doses. (A) Effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) fentanyl, morphine, and FF3 presented as the area under the curve (AUC) of the distance (in cm) travelled during 30 min after drug injection (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. vehicle, Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Dunn’s multiple comparison test; vehicle, fentanyl and FF3: n = 12, morphine: n = 10, means ± SEM). (B) Effects of s.c. fentanyl, morphine, and FF3 presented as the AUC of the time (s) spent on accelerating Rota-Rod at 2, 30 and 60 min after drug injection (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. vehicle, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, n = 10). (C) Number of defecations in 1 h after s.c. fentanyl, morphine, and FF3 injection (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. vehicle, Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Dunn’s multiple comparison test; vehicle, fentanyl and FF3: n = 12; morphine: n = 10, means ± SEM). (D) Effects of fentanyl, morphine, and FF3 on conditional place preference (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. vehicle, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’ multiple comparison test; vehicle, fentanyl and FF3: n = 12, morphine: n = 10, means ± SEM).