Table 2.

Echocardiographic features likely to be present in pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension.

Pre-capillary PH	PH-LHD
Normal sized or small LV cavity	Normal sized or dilated LV cavity
No LV hypertrophy	LV hypertrophy
Preserved LVEF	Variable LVEF
Normal sized or small left atrium	Dilated left atrium
Grade I LV diastolic dysfunction or normal LV diastolic function	≥ Grade II LV diastolic dysfunction
Presence of mid-systolic notching	Absence of mid-systolic notching
RV/LV ratio > 1	RV/LV ratio < 1
PASP > 70 mmHg	Typically PASP < 70 mmHg
Pericardial effusion	No pericardial effusion
No mitral and/or aortic valve disease	Mitral and/or aortic valve disease

PH-LHD, pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RV/LV ratio, right ventricular to left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Modified from Roberts JD and Forfia PR. Pulm Circ. 2011;1:160-181.