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. 2018 Jun 13;8:9006. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27416-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sort1 deficiency improved BAT function in female Ldlr^−/− mice on a HF/HC diet. (a) Representative hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of brown adipose tissue (BAT; magnified portions in black boxes show lipid droplets, white areas, indicated by arrows; scale bars indicate 100 μm), and mRNA levels of (b) BAT-related, (c) anti-inflammation-related, and (d) energy expenditure-related genes, including fatty acid utilization, β-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain in BAT of female Ldlr^−/−Sort1^+/+ and Ldlr^−/−Sort1^−/− mice fed a high fat/high cholesterol (HF/HC) diet for 15 weeks; (n = 3–4 mice/group). mRNA levels of (e) BAT-related, (f) anti-inflammation-related, and (g) energy expenditure-related genes in primary brown adipocytes differentiated from female mouse BAT; (n = 6). (h) Fgf21 expression in BAT, and (i) plasma FGF21 concentration in female mice fed a HF/HC diet for 15 weeks; (n = 3–4 mice/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs. Ldlr^−/−Sort1^+/+, analyzed by t-test; values are presented as mean ± SEM.