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. 2018 Jun 13;9:2315. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04810-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Thermo-responsive water oozing behaviors of IPN gels. a Relationship between temperature and the amount of water oozed from the PNIPAAm/Alg IPN gel. Plots of the natural logarithm of the rate versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature for water oozing from (b) the dried IPN gels and (c) pure water. d Cycle tests of water oozing from the surface of the IPN gel at 50 °C after the moisture absorption at 27 °C and 80% RH