. 2018 Jun 13;8:9076. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27017-9

Table 2.

Results of the minimum linear mixed effects models for the transplant’s relative growth rates in height, plant projection area, leaf length and number of leaves for the three monitoring periods in 2012 and 2013 and for aboveground biomass, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) at the final harvest in September 2013.

Responses	Predictors	Estimate	p-value	Marginal R²	Conditional R²
Veg. period 2012
RGR height	Intercept	0.150	0.424	0.004	0.536
RGR height	Multi-trait FD	0.058	0.038
RGR p. proj. area	Intercept	−0.018	0.865	0.008	0.419
RGR p. proj. area	Multi-trait FD	0.097	0.004
RGR leaf length	Intercept (Scen Beals)	0.085	0.551	0.011	0.384
	Height FD	0.068	0.024
	Scen Dissim	−0.094	0.411
	Scen Random	−0.225	0.005
	Scen Sim	−0.028	0.704
RGR leaf number	Intercept (Scen Beals)	0.129	0.216	0.013	0.328
	SLA FD (Scen Beals)	0.097	0.050
	Scen Dissim	−0.154	0.202
	Scen Random	−0.262	0.002
	Scen Sim	−0.154	0.052
	SLA FD:Scen Dissim	−0.102	0.126
	SLA FD:Scen Random	−0.236	0.002
	SLA FD:Scen Sim	−0.069	0.318
Winter 2012/2013
RGR height	Intercept (Scen Beals)	−0.039	0.918	0.069	0.634
	LUI	0.250	0.000
	Height FD (Scen Beals)	0.137	0.006
	Height CWM (Scen Beals)	−0.142	0.025
	Scen Dissim	−0.163	0.107
	Scen Random	−0.194	0.009
	Scen Sim	0.065	0.340
	Height FD:Scen Dissim	−0.178	0.013
	Height FD:Scen Random	−0.070	0.345
	Height FD:Scen Sim	−0.199	0.007
	Height CWM:Scen Dissim	0.171	0.020
	Height CWM:Scen Random	0.024	0.726
	Height CWM:Scen Sim	0.173	0.020
RGR p. proj. area	Intercept (Scen Beals)	0.014	0.957	0.061	0.492
	LUI	0.215	0.001
	Height FD (Scen Beals)	0.183	0.000
	SLA CWM	0.130	0.006
	LDMC CWM	0.092	0.035
	Height CWM	−0.100	0.035
	Scen Dissim	−0.194	0.095
	Scen Random	−0.185	0.025
	Scen Sim	−0.054	0.468
	Height FD:Scen Dissim	−0.146	0.027
	Height FD:Scen Random	−0.173	0.013
	Height FD:Scen Sim	−0.153	0.026
RGR leaf length	Intercept (Scen Beals)	0.060	0.863	0.051	0.544
	LUI	0.210	0.001
	Height FD (Scen Beals)	0.129	0.016
	Height CWM (Scen Beals)	−0.119	0.077
	Scen Dissim	−0.218	0.039
	Scen Random	−0.091	0.249
	Scen Sim	0.001	0.984
	Height FD:Scen Dissim	−0.156	0.045
	Height FD:Scen Random	−0.079	0.326
	Height FD:Scen Sim	−0.213	0.008
	Height CWM:Scen Dissim	0.133	0.094
	Height CWM:Scen Random	0.041	0.586
	Height CWM:Scen Sim	0.210	0.009
RGR leaf number	Intercept (Scen Beals)	−0.168	0.297	0.013	0.440
	LUI	0.086	0.086
	Height FD	0.057	0.075
	SLA CWM (Scen Beals)	0.024	0.659
	Scen Dissim	0.016	0.904
	Scen Random	0.008	0.927
	Scen Sim	0.045	0.554
	SLA CWM:Scen Dissim	−0.093	0.155
	SLA CWM:Scen Random	−0.068	0.308
	SLA CWM:Scen Sim	0.066	0.269
Veg. period 2013
RGR height	Intercept	0.079	0.864	0.012	0.682
RGR height	LUI	−0.126	0.046
RGR p. proj. area	Intercept	0.029	0.910	0.005	0.398
RGR p. proj. area	SLA FD	0.086	0.020
RGR leaf length	Intercept	0.017	0.967	0.026	0.568
	SLA FD	0.124	0.000
	Height CWM	−0.138	0.001
RGR leaf number	Intercept	0.040	0.729	0.014	0.357
	Multi-trait FD	−0.090	0.017
	SLA FD	0.114	0.005
Harvest 2013
Biomass	Intercept (Scen Beals)	−0.016	0.865	0.064	0.423
	LUI	0.170	0.002
	Multi-trait FD (Scen Beals)	0.003	0.960
	LDMC FD (Scen Beals)	−0.116	0.076
	SLA CWM (Scen Beals)	−0.094	0.107
	Scen Dissim	−0.116	0.382
	Scen Random	−0.066	0.476
	Scen Sim	−0.048	0.535
	Multi-trait FD:Scen Dissim	0.217	0.029
	Multi-trait FD:Scen Random	0.064	0.514
	Multi-trait FD:Scen Sim	−0.080	0.333
	LDMC FD:Scen Dissim	0.052	0.581
	LDMC FD:Scen Random	0.018	0.854
	LDMC FD:Scen Sim	0.226	0.008
	SLA CWM:Scen Dissim	0.292	0.000
	SLA CWM:Scen Random	0.228	0.007
	SLA CWM:Scen Sim	0.185	0.016
SLA	Intercept (Scen Beals)	0.095	0.683	0.044	0.509
	Height CWM	0.140	0.001
	LDMC CWM (Scen Beals)	−0.118	0.024
	Scen Dissim	−0.347	0.005
	Scen Random	−0.040	0.644
	Scen Sim	0.041	0.574
	LDMC CWM:Scen Dissim	0.196	0.003
	LDMC CWM:Scen Random	0.212	0.003
	LDMC CWM:Scen Sim	−0.013	0.825
LDMC	Intercept (Scen Beals)	0.062	0.557	0.036	0.556
	SLA FD	−0.080	0.030
	LDMC FD	0.077	0.042
	SLA CWM (Scen Beals)	−0.020	0.757
	LDMC CWM (Scen Beals)	0.065	0.300
	Scen Dissim	0.275	0.041
	Scen Random	0.037	0.682
	Scen Sim	0.046	0.531
	SLA CWM:Scen Dissim	−0.005	0.952
	SLA CWM:Scen Random	−0.076	0.362
	SLA CWM:Scen Sim	0.164	0.027
	LDMC CWM:Scen Dissim	−0.041	0.611
	LDMC CWM:Scen Random	−0.268	0.001
	LDMC CWM:Scen Sim	0.104	0.157

All models were simplified starting with the same suite of predictors: land-use intensity (LUI), community weighted means (CWM), functional diversity (FD), scenario (Beals, Dissim, Random, Sim, see text for explanation) and all interactions of scenario with LUI, CWM, and FD. CWM and FD were based on the single traits SLA, LDMC and height, while multi-trait FD was based on all eight traits (see Methods). All variables were scaled by mean and standard deviation, thus the estimates show the direction and magnitude of impact on the plant responses. Marginal R² refers to the variance explained by fixed factors and conditional R² to the variance explained by both fixed and random factors. Random factors in the model included Exploratory (Schwäbische Alb, Hainich and Schorfheide), plot (n = 54) nested in Exploratory, subplot (n = 432) nested in plot and species identity (n = 130). For variance of random factors see SI Table S5.