Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristic | Telephone health coaching (n=289) |
Usual care (n=288) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 70.7 (8.8) | 70.2 (7.8) |
| Age ≥65 years | 221 (76) | 231 (80) |
| Men | 183 (63) | 183 (64) |
| White race | 283 (98) | 284 (99) |
| Median (interquartile range) age at completion of full time education (years)* | 15 (15-16) | 15 (15-16) |
| Highest level of qualification: | ||
| No formal qualification | 128 (44) | 135 (47) |
| GCSE, CSE, O Level equivalent | 58 (20) | 63 (22) |
| A Level, AS Level, or equivalent | 27 (9) | 24 (8) |
| Degree level or higher | 35 (12) | 41 (14) |
| Other | 40 (14) | 23 (8) |
| Missing | 1 (<1) | 2 (1) |
| Lives alone | 83 (29) | 69 (24) |
| Employment status†: | ||
| Paid work | 58 (20) | 53 (18) |
| Unemployed or looking for work | 3 (1) | 5 (2) |
| Retired from paid work | 216 (75) | 214 (74) |
| Looking after family or home | 8 (3) | 9 (3) |
| Unable to work owing to health problems | 8 (3) | 7 (2) |
| Other | 5 (2) | 9 (3) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Current smoker | 75 (26) | 55 (19) |
| Mean (SD) body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.1 (4.4) | 27.4 (4.9) |
| MRC dyspnoea scale score: | ||
| 1 | 89 (31) | 76 (26) |
| 2 | 200 (69) | 212 (74) |
| Mean (SD) FEV1 predicted (%) | 71.2 (18.9) | 72.1 (18.7) |
| FEV1 predicted (%): | ||
| <30 | 1 (<1) | 2 (1) |
| 30-49 | 39 (13) | 33 (11) |
| 50-79 | 160 (55) | 149 (52) |
| ≥80 | 89 (31) | 104 (36) |
| Comorbidities: | ||
| Cancer | 34 (12) | 37 (13) |
| Diabetes | 32 (11) | 36 (13) |
| High blood pressure | 135 (47) | 123 (43) |
| Coronary heart disease | 34 (12) | 44 (15) |
| Heart failure | 15 (5) | 10 (3) |
| Stroke or mini-stroke | 16 (6) | 25 (9) |
| Asthma | 98 (34) | 100 (35) |
| Tuberculosis | 6 (2) | 10 (3) |
| Osteoarthritis | 46 (16) | 56 (19) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 22 (8) | 25 (9) |
| Osteoporosis | 13 (5) | 20 (7) |
| Depression | 44 (15) | 57 (20) |
| Other condition | 37 (13) | 52 (18) |
| Medication taken regularly for lung problems: | ||
| Beta-2 agonist | 201 (70) | 197 (68) |
| Inhaled steroid | 27 (9) | 39 (14) |
| Atrovent or Spiriva | 109 (38) | 117 (41) |
| Seretide | 88 (30) | 92 (32) |
| Symbicort | 33 (11) | 21 (7) |
| Theophylline or aminophylline tablets | 7 (2) | 6 (2) |
| Steroid tablets | 5 (2) | 9 (3) |
| Antibiotic or steroid course, or both, in past 12 months | 135 (47) | 135 (47) |
| Health related quality of life | ||
| Mean (SD) SGRQ-C total score | 27.8 (14.6) | 29.5 (14.5) |
| Mean (SD) SGRQ-C symptoms score | 48.5 (21.7) | 47.9 (20.7) |
| Mean (SD) SGRQ-C activity score | 36.3 (21.0) | 38.7 (21.3) |
| Mean (SD) SGRQ-C impact score | 15.4 (13.4) | 17.6 (13.9) |
| Mean (SD) EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 5 Levels score | 0.90 (0.13) | 0.89 (0.13) |
| Anxiety and depression‡ | ||
| Mean (SD) anxiety subscale score | 3.8 (3.4) | 4.3 (3.8) |
| Mean (SD) depression subscale score | 2.9 (2.6) | 3.1 (2.8) |
| Physical activity | ||
| Mean (SD) minutes of MVPA/week by accelerometry | 372.1 (305.1) | 379.1 (282.9) |
| Mean (SD) moderate MET minutes/week§ | 766.4 (1253.9) | 941.5 (1437.6) |
| Mean (SD) vigorous MET minutes /week§ | 809.4 (1771.5) | 910.2 (1997.4) |
| Self efficacy | ||
| Mean (SD) Stanford self efficacy score | 8.3 (1.6) | 8.0 (1.7) |
FEV1=forced expiratory volume in one second; SGRQ-C=St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; MVPA=moderate to vigorous physical activity; MET=metabolic equivalent.
*
One subject in the telephone health coaching group never went to school.
†
Not mutually exclusive, participants could tick all that applied.
‡
Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
§
Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.