Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients at baseline.
| Characteristics | All patients (N = 79) | Length of stay |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short (≤2 days) (N = 17) |
Long (>2 days) (N = 62) |
|||
| Age (years) | 55.76 ± 17.330 | 48.18 ± 14.838 | 57.84 ± 17.489 | 0.041* |
| Age group | 0.028* | |||
| <65 years | 52 (65.8) | 15 (88.2) | 37 (59.7) | |
| ≥65 years | 27 (34.2) | 2 (11.8) | 25 (40.3) | |
| Gender | 0.481 | |||
| Male | 29 (36.7) | 5 (29.4) | 24 (38.7) | |
| Female | 50 (63.3) | 12 (70.6) | 38 (61.3) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 18 (22.8) | 2 (11.8) | 16 (25.8) | 0.332 |
| Hypertension | 45 (57.0) | 9 (52.9) | 36 (58.1) | 0.705 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 15 (19.0) | 1 (5.9) | 14 (22.6) | 0.170 |
| Smoking | 19 (24.1) | 4 (23.5) | 15 (24.2) | 1.000 |
| Heart disease | 17 (21.5) | 2 (11.8) | 15 (24.2) | 0.338 |
| Lung disease | 26 (32.9) | 2 (11.8) | 24 (38.7) | 0.036* |
| Stroke | 12 (15.2) | 3 (17.6) | 9 (14.5) | 0.714 |
| Renal impairment | 13 (16.5) | 1 (5.9) | 12 (19.4) | 0.278 |
| Number of comorbidities | 2.09 ± 1.562 | 1.41 ± 1.372 | 2.27 ± 1.570 | 0.043* |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Immobilization | 13 (16.5) | 2 (11.8) | 11 (17.7) | 0.723 |
| Recent surgery | 4 (5.1) | 0 | 4 (6.5) | 0.572 |
| Recent travel | 4 (5.1) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (1.6) | 0.030* |
| Recent estrogen therapy | 6 (7.6) | 2 (11.8) | 4 (6.5) | 0.604 |
| Concomitant DVT | 11 (13.9) | 4 (23.5) | 7 (11.3) | 0.238 |
| Previous VTE (DVT/PE) | 13 (16.5) | 1 (5.9) | 12 (19.4) | 0.278 |
| Active cancer | 6 (7.6) | 0 | 6 (9.7) | 0.331 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Chest pain | 31 (39.2) | 6 (35.3) | 25 (40.3) | 0.707 |
| Dyspnea | 52 (65.8) | 12 (70.6) | 40 (64.5) | 0.640 |
| Palpitations | 13 (16.5) | 2 (11.8) | 11 (17.7) | 0.723 |
| Syncope | 6 (7.6) | 1 (5.9) | 5 (8.1) | 1.000 |
| Cough | 10 (12.7) | 3 (17.6) | 7 (11.3) | 0.441 |
| Hemoptysis | 6 (7.6) | 2 (11.8) | 4 (6.5) | 0.604 |
| Wheezing | 3 (3.8) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (3.2) | 0.522 |
| Leg pain/swelling | 22 (27.8) | 5 (29.4) | 17 (27.4) | 1.000 |
| Altered mentation | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 1 (1.6) | 1.000 |
| Initial vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 97.75 ± 20.465 | 89.71 ± 15.846 | 99.95 ± 21.136 | 0.067 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.33 ± 23.580 | 137.18 ± 17.802 | 136.10 ± 25.051 | 0.868 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 96.44 ± 3.957 | 97.18 ± 2.128 | 96.24 ± 4.318 | 0.392 |
| Initial EKG | ||||
| Normal | 39 (49.4) | 10 (58.8) | 29 (46.8) | 0.379 |
| Sinus bradycardia | 3 (3.8) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (3.2) | 0.522 |
| Sinus tachycardia | 14 (17.7) | 2 (11.8) | 12 (19.4) | 0.722 |
| Atrial arrhythmia | 8 (10.1) | 3 (17.6) | 5 (8.1) | 0.359 |
| New RBBB | 2 (2.5) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (1.6) | 0.386 |
| New inferior Q waves | 4 (5.1) | 0 | 4 (6.5) | 0.572 |
| New anterior ST-T changes | 4 (5.1) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (3.2) | 0.201 |
| S1Q3T3 | 2 (2.5) | 0 | 2 (3.2) | 1.000 |
| Troponin I (cutoff 0.10ng/mL) | ||||
| Negative | 53 (67.1) | 14 (82.4) | 39 (62.9) | 0.131 |
| Positive | 26 (32.9) | 3 (17.6) | 23 (37.1) | |
| B-natriuretic peptide (cutoff 100 pg/mL) | ||||
| Negative | 26 (39.4) | 7 (53.8) | 19 (35.8) | 0.234 |
| Positive | 40 (60.6) | 6 (46.2) | 34 (64.2) | |
| RV dysfunction | 22 (27.8) | 4 (23.5) | 18 (29.0) | 0.767 |
| Bova score (points) | 1.59 ± 1.971 | 0.88 ± 1.409 | 1.79 ± 2.066 | 0.094 |
| Bova stage | 0.164 | |||
| Stage I | 56 (70.9) | 15 (88.2) | 41 (66.1) | |
| Stage II | 16 (20.3) | 2 (11.8) | 14 (22.6) | |
| Stage III | 7 (8.9) | 0 | 7 (11.3) | |
| PESI score (points) | 77.28 ± 33.170 | 55.24 ± 16.758 | 83.32 ± 34.069 | 0.002* |
| PESI score | 0.002* | |||
| ≤85 | 55 (69.6) | 17 (100) | 38 (61.3) | |
| >85 | 24 (30.4) | 0 | 24 (38.7) | |
| Simplified PESI | 0.001* | |||
| Low risk | 33 (41.8) | 13 (76.5) | 20 (32.3) | |
| High risk | 46 (58.2) | 4 (23.5) | 42 (67.7) | |
| Geneva prognostic score (points) | 0.73 ± 1.118 | 0.41 ± 0.712 | 0.82 ± 1.195 | 0.232 |
| Geneva prognostic score | 0.331 | |||
| ≤2 | 73 (92.4) | 17 (100) | 56 (90.3) | |
| >2 | 6 (7.6) | 0 | 6 (9.7) | |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or count (percentage).
BMI, body mass index; DVT, deep-venous thrombosis; VTE, venous thromboembolism; PE, pulmonary embolism; RBBB, right bundle branch block; CTA, computed tomography angiography; V/Q scan, ventilation/perfusion scan; RDW, red cell distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; RV dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; NOAC, novel oral anticoagulants; IVC, inferior vena cava; PESI, pulmonary embolism severity index.
*p value <.05 is considered statistically significant.