FIGURE 2.

Effects of iron, a chelator, and an antioxidant on the levels of biofilm formation (A), ROS production (B), and intracellular iron (C) in C. jejuni NCTC 11168. The concentrations of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ were 40 μM and 20 μM, respectively, which were determined based on the results of the biofilm assay (Figure 1). Twenty micromolar DFMS and 1 μM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were used as an iron chelator and an antioxidant, respectively. The results are the means and standard deviations of three samples in a representative experiment. The experiments were repeated three times, and similar results were observed in all repeated experiments. The statistical analysis was performed with Student’s t-test compared to the non-treated sample. ^∗P < 0.05.