TABLE 3.
Effect of quinoa intake on fasting biochemical measures in overweight and obese participants in the control and treatment groups at 6 and 12 wk of intervention1
| Control group | 25-g/d group | 50-g/d group | P (treatment)2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | 6 wk | 12 wk | 6 wk | 12 wk | 6 wk | 12 wk | |
| Lipid profile and glucose, mmol/L | |||||||
| Total cholesterol | 4.65 (3.70–5.56) | 4.71 (4.03–5.35) | 4.69 (3.48–5.43) | 4.27 (3.30–4.88) | 4.38 (3.58–5.38) | 4.63 (3.41–5.59) | 0.787 |
| LDL cholesterol | 3.73 (3.06–4.86) | 3.58 (2.81–4.70) | 3.78 (2.93–4.46) | 4.15 (3.62–4.61) | 3.48 (2.96–4.56) | 3.42 (2.64–4.02) | 0.838 |
| HDL cholesterol | 1.41 (1.10–1.48) | 1.20 (1.08–1.62) | 1.05 (0.89–1.55) | 1.02 (0.93–1.37) | 1.26 (0.81–1.70) | 1.48 (0.86–1.71) | 0.350 |
| TGs | 1.22 (0.64–1.34) | 1.25 (1.11–1.33) | 1.33 (0.85–2.07) | 1.27 (0.92–1.80) | 0.82 (0.59–1.26) | 0.72 (0.56–1.01) | 0.025 |
| Fasting glucose | 4.72 (4.54–5.07) | 4.96 (4.39–5.20) | 4.85 (4.61–5.32) | 5.04 (4.98–5.56) | 4.65 (4.20–5.09) | 4.90 (4.26–5.40) | 0.111 |
| Hormones | |||||||
| Adiponectin, µg/mL | NM | 18.15 (11.80–27.01) | NM | 13.08 (5.49–22.89) | NM | 14.76 (10.92–19.44) | 0.446 |
| Leptin, ng/mL | NM | 8.84 (3.77–15.57) | NM | 11.06 (5.65–17.68) | NM | 6.41 (2.93–19.80) | 0.973 |
| C-peptide, ng/mL | NM | 0.79 (0.69–1.35) | NM | 1.16 (0.74–1.58) | NM | 0.95 (0.69–1.33) | 0.629 |
| Insulin, mLU/L | NM | 12.72 (5.15–22.68) | NM | 11.75 (6.20–15.57) | NM | 9.86 (5.82–16.01) | 0.688 |
1
Values are medians (IQRs). NM, value not measured.
2
Indicates the main effect of treatment, observed between groups (baseline adjusted on the basis of a linear mixed model).