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. 2017 Sep 6;1(10):e000406. doi: 10.3945/cdn.117.000406

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Select polyphenolic fractions of dried plum (1 and 10 µg/mL) reduced osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast activity under inflammatory conditions (1 ng TNF-α/mL) in primary bone marrow–derived cultures. Multinucleated TRAP-positive osteoclasts are shown in the representative micrographs (see arrows) (A) and were quantified (B). Resorption pits were stained (see arrows) (C) and then quantified (D). The relative mRNA abundance of Nfatc1, Traf6, and cFos (E) was assessed after treatment for 1 h with TNF-α (1 ng/mL) and dried plum polyphenolic fractions (10 μg/mL). The relative abundance of p-p38 and pErk1/2 to total p38 and Erk was evaluated after 1 h of treatment with TNF-α (1 ng/mL) and dried plum polyphenolic fractions (10 μg/mL) via immunoblotting. Representative immunoblots are shown (F), and immunoblots n = 3–4 × 3 experiments were quantified (G). Values in panels B, D, E, and G are means ± SEs. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA followed by Fisher's least significant difference test. Bars without a common letter are significantly different from each other, P < 0.05. CON, control; DP-Fr, dried plum fraction; Erk, extracellular signal–regulated kinase; Nfatc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1; p-, phosphorylated; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand; Traf6, TNF receptor–associated factor 6; TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.