TABLE 4.

An overview of the modeling studies included in the systematic review¹

Policy type	Study (ref), country/region	Stroke deaths	CHD/CAD deaths	CVD deaths	CHD/CVD events	DALYs	QALYs/LYs gained	Costs to health system/society	Reduces inequalities in CVD deaths (Y/N)
Modeling of hypothetical policies
Conservative policy scenario2	O'Keeffe et al. (41), Republic of Ireland	↓	↓	—	—	—	—	—	—
	O'Flaherty et al. (40), United Kingdom	—	—	↓	—	—	—	—	—
	Pearson-Stuttard et al. (42), England and Wales	—	↓	—	—	—	↑	↓	Y
Voluntary limit on TFA	Martin-Saborido et al. (43), European Union	—	—	—	—	↓	—	↓	—
TFA labeling	Allen et al. (38), England3	—	—	—	—	—	—	↓	Y
	Martin-Saborido et al. (43), European Union	—	—	—	—	↓	—	Not cost-effective	—
Legislative ban	O'Keeffe et al. (41), Republic of Ireland	↓	↓	—	—	—	—	—	—
	O'Flaherty et al. (40), United Kingdom	—	—	↓	—	—	—	—	—
	Barton et al. (39), England and Wales	—	—	↓	↓	—	↑	↓	—
	Pearson-Stuttard et al. (42), England and Wales	—	↓	—	—	—	↑	↓	Y
	Allen et al. (38), England	—	↓	—	—	—	—	↓	Y
	Martin-Saborido et al. (43), European Union	—	—	—	—	↓	—	↓	—
Modeling of enacted real-world policies	Rubinstein et al. (44), Argentina	—	↓	—	↓	↓	—	↓	—
	Restrepo and Rieger (45), Denmark	—	—	↓	—	—	—	—	—

¹CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; LY, life-year; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year; ref, reference; TFA, trans fatty acid; Y, yes; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.

²Article did not provide detailed information about what the policy entails. It solely provided the estimated reduction in TFA intakes.

³Modeled policy was improved labeling or TFA limits in restaurants.