Table 3.
Group means (and standard deviations) of reading assessment standard scores at post-test. All assessments have a mean standard score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15. Change scores are post-test minus pretest scores, averaged across participants, with indicated significance from paired t-tests. Word Identification and Word Attack are subtests of the “Woodcock Reading Mastery Test, 3rd edition” (WRMT-3). Sight Word Efficiency and Phonemic Decoding Efficiency are subtests of the “Test of Word Reading Efficiency, 2nd edition” (TOWRE-2). Reading Composite is the average of standard scores on all 4 subtests
| Post-test assessment | Waiting control (n = 25) | Intervention total (n = 39) | Intervention nonresponders (n = 19) | Intervention responders (n = 20) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Word identification | 80.08 (8.22) | 84.69 (9.76) | 84.32 (10.22) | 85.05 (9.55) |
| Change score | −5.32 (6.26)*** | −0.46 (6.97) | −4.32 (5.38)** | 3.20 (6.39)* |
| Word attack | 79.96 (9.83) | 87.67 (9.79) | 87.16 (10.07) | 88.15 (9.75) |
| Change score | −7.32 (8.61)*** | 0.66 (9.81) | −3.58 (9.34) | 4.89 (8.52)* |
| Sight word efficiency | 79.16 (11.28) | 80.34 (12.79) | 79.44 (14.09) | 81.15 (11.81) |
| Change score | −5.48 (6.88)*** | −4.32 (8.63)** | −7.06 (8.17)** | −1.85 (8.48) |
| Phonemic decoding eff. | 73.35 (9.36) | 79.87 (8.81) | 78.44 (9.90) | 81.15 (7.73) |
| Change score | −8.90 (6.12)*** | −0.22 (10.37) | −5.67 (9.66)* | 4.95 (8.30)* |
| Reading composite | 78.13 (8.53) | 83.62 (8.55) | 82.63 (9.33) | 84.56 (7.86) |
| Change score | −6.72 (4.02)*** | −0.20 (6.17) | −4.91 (4.74)*** | 4.28 (3.41)*** |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.