Table 2.
Demographic variations in the prescribing of on-discharge secondary preventative cardiovascular pharmacotherapies for patients with NSTEMI in the Malaysian NCVD-ACS registry (2006–2013) presented as adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)
| Demographic characteristics | Aspirin | ADP-antagonists | ACEIs/ARBs | Beta blockers | Statins | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N, % | OR (95% CI) p value | N, % | OR (95% CI) p value | N, % | OR (95% CI) p value | N, % | OR (95% CI) p value | N, % | OR (95% CI) p value | |
| Age | ||||||||||
| < 65 | 5443 (91%) | Reference | 3300 (72%) | Reference | 3526 (55%) | Reference | 3995 (70%) | Reference | 5192 (88%) | Reference |
| ≥ 65 | 3438 (85%) | 0.54(0.47, 0.61) * | 2180 (70%) | 0.89(0.81, 0.99)* | 2114 (49%) | 0.79 (0.73,0.85) * | 2488(63%) | 0.75 (0.68, 0.81)* | 3412(85%) | 0.77(0.68, 0.86)* |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 6809 (90%) | Reference | 4202 (74%) | Reference | 4381 (54%) | Reference | 4970 (68%) | Reference | 6533 (87%) | Reference |
| Female | 2359 (85%) | 0.65(0.57, 0.74) * | 1450 (66%) | 0.70(0.63, 0.77) * | 1461 (50%) | 0.85 (0.78,0.92)* | 1726 (64%) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.93) ns | 2351 (86%) | 0.89(0.78, 1.01) ns |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Malay | 4148 (89%) | Reference | 2484 (69%) | Reference | 2647 (53%) | Reference | 3063 (68%) | Reference | 3991 (87%) | Reference |
| Chinese | 2220 (88%) | 0.95(0.81, 1.08) ns | 1373 (73%) | 1.15(1.01, 1.27) * | 1392 (52%) | 0.89 (0.74, 0.99) 0.002 | 1633 (67%) | 0.94(0.84, 1.09) ns | 2168 (87%) | 1.12(1.01, 1.28) * |
| Indian | 2359 (90%) | 1.05(0.94, 1.12) ns | 1544 (74%) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.36) * | 1574 (57%) | 1.14(1.01, 1.25) * | 1692 (66%) | 0.87(0.79, 0.98) 0.007 | 2311 (88%) | 1.20 (1.09, 1.32) * |
| Others | 441 (89%) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.15) ns | 251 (70%) | 1.04(0.92, 1.17) ns | 229 (39%) | 0.65 (0.49,0.79) * | 308 (64%) | 0.74(0.60, 0.87) 0.0001 | 414 (84%) | 0.88 (0.74,0.96) 0.002 |
| Regions | ||||||||||
| Western | 4894 | Reference | 3206 | Reference | 3032 | Reference | 3294 | Reference | 4653 | Reference |
| Peninsular | (89%) | (70%) | (53%) | (63%) | (87%) | |||||
| Eastern | 842 | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 523 | 0.95(0.81, 1.14) | 664 | 1.45(1.32,1.58) | 729 | 1.57(1.45, 1.72) | 821 | 0.94(0.82,1.08) |
| Peninsular | (88%) | ns | (69%) | ns | (64%) | * | (76%) | * | (86%) | ns |
| Northern | 2177 | 1.07(0.94, 1.21) | 1205 | 1.14(1.01, 1.28) | 1539 | 1.34 (1.23, 1.42) | 1777 | 1.41 (1.32, 1.57) | 2124 | 1.12(1.01, 1.38) |
| Peninsular | (92%) | ns | (77%) | * | (61%) | * | (75%) | * | (89%) | 0.001 |
| Southern | 362 | 1.01(0.92, 1.15) | 187 | 1.24(1.12, 1.36) | 170 | 0.51 (0.38, 0.69) | 240 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.23) | 400 | 1.25(1.10, 1.41) |
| Peninsular | (91%) | ns | (81%) | * | (31%) | * | (63%) | 0.004 | (91%) | * |
| East Malaysia | 856 (83%) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.74) * | 523 (67%) | 0.82(0.70, 0.97) * | 416 (36%) | 0.69 (0.51, 0.78) * | 637 (63%) | 1.01(0.91, 1.20) ns | 845 (82%) | 0.81(0.74, 0.94) * |
ns not significant
*p < 0.0001