Table 2.

Effects of rifaximin on healthcare resource utilization [55, 56]

Study; country	Centre (pts), n	Data collection	Outcomes (prior to rifaximin vs. with rifaximina)
			Month 3	Month 6	Month 12
Orr et al. 2016 [55], UK	7 (326)	2014	Mean all-cause hospitalizationsb: 1.2 vs. 0.6 (p < 0.001) Mean hospital LOS (d)b: 15.8 vs. 7.4 (p < 0.001)	Mean all-cause hospitalizationsb: 1.6 vs. 1.0 (p < 0.001) Mean hospital LOS (d)b: 20.7 vs. 9.7 (p < 0.001)	Mean all-cause hospitalizationsb: 2.1 vs. 1.6 (p = 0.001) Mean hospital LOS (d)b: 24.4 vs. 11.5 (p < 0.001)
Aspinall et al. 2016 [56], UK	11 (145)	July 2008–May 2014	Not reported	Mean hospitalizations: 2.2 vs. 1.0 (p < 0.001) Total inpatient bed days: 28.6 vs. 11.9 (p < 0.001) Critical care bed days/pt: 7.9 vs. 2.0 (p = 0.046) ER visits/pt: 1.9 vs. 1.0 (p < 0.001)	Mean hospitalizations: 2.7 vs. 1.7 (p = 0.002) Total inpatient bed days: 31.7 vs. 16.4 (p < 0.001) Critical care bed days/pt: 11.3 vs. 2.4 (p = 0.017) ER visits/pt: 2.4 vs. 1.8 (p = 0.099)

d day, ER emergency room, LOS length of stay, pt patient

^aTime points for outcomes assessed after rifaximin was initiated

^bn = 158