Table 2.
Effects of temperature and pesticide exposure during the parental (F0) and offspring (F1) generations on survival to metamorphosis, development time and size at emergence of Culex pipiens mosquitoes in the offspring (F1) generation
| Effect | Survival | Development time | Size at emergence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| df | Wald χ2 | p | df | Wald χ2 | p | df | Wald χ2 | p | |
| Temperature F0 (Temp F0) | 1 | 10.93 | <.001 | 1 | 10.37 | .001 | 1 | 2.40 | .122 |
| Pesticide F0 (Pest F0) | 1 | 9.73 | .002 | 1 | 2.23 | .135 | 1 | 0.27 | .603 |
| Temperature F1 (Temp F1) | 1 | 37.91 | <.001 | 1 | 550.49 | <.001 | 1 | 752.62 | <.001 |
| Pesticide F1 (Pest F1) | 1 | 107.34 | <.001 | 1 | 50.24 | <.001 | 1 | 18.32 | <.001 |
| Sex | 1 | 11,091.99 | <.001 | ||||||
| Temp F0 × Pest F0 | 1 | 1.65 | .199 | 1 | 0.09 | .763 | 1 | 2.61 | .106 |
| Temp F0 × Temp F1 | 1 | 7.64 | .006 | 1 | 4.20 | .040 | 1 | 2.70 | .100 |
| Pest F0 × Temp F1 | 1 | 0.73 | .393 | 1 | 9.23 | .002 | 1 | 0.06 | .814 |
| Temp F0 × Pest F1 | 1 | 0.18 | .673 | 1 | 1.90 | .168 | 1 | 2.30 | .129 |
| Pest F0 × Pest F1 | 1 | 0.55 | .457 | 1 | 1.42 | .233 | 1 | 6.34 | .012 |
| Temp F1 × Pest F1 | 1 | 6.63 | .010 | 1 | 0.46 | .498 | 1 | 1.53 | .215 |
| Temp F0 × Pest F0 × Temp F1 | 1 | 0.03 | .870 | 1 | 0.11 | .743 | 1 | 0.14 | .705 |
| Temp F0 × Pest F0 × Pest F1 | 1 | 2.77 | .096 | 1 | 3.54 | .060 | 1 | 2.16 | .142 |
| Temp F0 × Temp F1 × Pest F1 | 1 | 0.13 | .717 | 1 | 0.04 | .845 | 1 | 0.06 | .814 |
| Pest F0 × Temp F1 × Pest F1 | 1 | 1.14 | .286 | 1 | 0.09 | .761 | 1 | 0.05 | .823 |
| Temp F0 × Pest F0 × Temp F1 × Pest F1 | 1 | 3.99 | .046 | 1 | 0.08 | .771 | 1 | 0.21 | .644 |
Significant p values (p < .05) are indicated in bold.