Table 1. SPR and GMR Sensors Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles.

sensor	SPMNP composition	NP size	analyte	detection limit	detection range	ref
SPR	streptavidin conjugated Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles	50 nm	brain natriuretic peptide	ND	0.025–1 ng/mL	(82)
	streptavidin conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles	50 nm	Staphylococcal enterotoxin B	ND	0.10–10 ng/mL	(83)
	tosyl-activated superparamagnetic nanoparticles	1 μm	prostate specific antigen	10 fg/mL	1 fg/mL–100 ng/mL	(52)
	magnetic nanoparticles with iron oxide core	220 ± 63 nm	beta human chorionic gonadotropin	0.45 pM	ND	(84)
	carboxyl group modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles	10.5 nm	thrombin	0.017 nM	0.27–27 nM	(85)
	core/shell Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles	16 nm	rabbit IgG	ND	1.25–20 μg/mL	(86)
	core/shell Fe3O4/Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles	19 nm	rabbit IgG	ND	0.30–20 μg/mL	(86)
	core/shell Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles modified with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)	8–30 nm	human IgM	ND	0.30–20 μg/mL	(87)
	Iron oxide carboxyl-modified magnetic nanoparticles	200 nm	Ochratoxin A	0.94 ng/mL	1–50 ng/mL	(88)
	core/shell Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles	25–30 nm	A-fetoprotein	0.65 ng/mL	1.0–200.0 ng/mL	(54)
	Fe3O4–Au nanorod (50 × 15 with 0.05 mmol/L AgNO3, 65 × 30 with 0.1 mmol/L AgNO3)		goat IgM	ND	0.15–40.00 μg/mL	(55)
	Fe3O4/Ag/Au nanocomposite	35 nm	Dog IgG	0.15 μg/mL	0.15–40.00 μg/mL	(56)
	carboxyl group modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles	6.53 ± 0.22 nm	Salmonella enteritidis	14 cfu/mL	14–1.4 × 109 cfu/mL	(89)
GMR	streptavidin conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles	300 nm	parathyroid hormone	10 pM	ND	(90)
	cubic FeCo nanoparticles	12.8 ± 1.58 nm	Interleukin-6	ND	125 fM–41.5 pM	(91)
	streptavidin conjugated Fe2O3 nanoparticles	50 nm	Aflatoxin B1	50 pg/mL	0.050–50 ng/mL	(62)
	streptavidin conjugated microbeads	ND	allergen Ara h 1	7. 0 ng/mL	7.0–>2000 ng/mL	(61)
	streptavidin conjugated microbeads	ND	allergen Ara h 2	0.2 ng/mL	0.2–>250 ng/mL	(61)
	streptavidin conjugated microbeads	ND	allergen gliadin	1.5 ng/mL	1.5–4000 ng/mL	(61)
	streptavidin conjugated cubic FeCo nanoparticles	12.8 ± 1.58 nm	endoglin	83 fM	ND	(70)
	streptavidin conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles	50 nm	Staphylococcal enterotoxin A	0.1 ng/mL	ND	(64)
	streptavidin conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles	50 nm	toxic shock syndrome toxin	0.3 ng/mL	ND	(64)
	streptavidin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles	ND	Flt3 ligand	ND	0.020–3 μg/mL	(59)
	streptavidin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles	ND	serum amyloid A1	ND	3–50 ng/mL	(59)
	streptavidin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles	ND	influenza A virus	1.5 × 102 TCIDa 50/mL	1.5 × 102–1.0 × 105 TCID 50/mL	(66)

^aTCID, tissue culture infective dose.