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. 2018 Jun 13;13(6):e0198938. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198938

Fig 5. AMPK phosphorylation but not GLP-1 receptor level is upregulated by combination treatment with liraglutide and metformin in human pancreatic cancer cells.

Fig 5

MiaPaca-2 cells were incubated for 48 h with liraglutide (a) or metformin (b) alone or in combination (c) at the specified concentrations. The levels of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) mRNA (top) and protein (middle), and the protein level of p-AMPK (bottom) were measured by RT-PCR and/or western blot analyses. Data are shown as means ± SD. n = 4. *P<0.05 vs. control; §P<0.05 vs. liraglutide. Lira, liraglutide; Met, metformin; GLP-1R, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; p-AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK.