Figure 5.
Meta-analysis of the studies evaluating the effects of EA on primary dysmenorrhea. (A) EA versus PA, outcome: VAS. (B) EA versus PA, outcome: VRS. (C) EA versus NSAIDs, outcome: TER. EA = electroacupuncture, IV = inverse variance, NSAIDs = nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs, NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, PA = placebo acupuncture, SD = standard deviations, TER = total effective rate, VAS = visual analog scale, VRS = seven-point verbal rating scale.