Table 2.

Effect of L-citrulline on resting vascular function.

	Placebo			L-citrulline				Adjusted
	Pre	Post	Change	Pre	Post	Change	P value†	P value
Women								Model 1, 2
Seated systolic BP (mmHg)	129 ± 15	130 ± 10	1.0 ± 8.0	127 ± 12	128 ± 15	0.1 ± 9.7	0.73	0.76, 0.89
Seated diastolic BP (mmHg)	64 ± 7	66 ± 6	2.0 ± 5.0	65 ± 7	64 ± 7	−1.4 ± 4.2	0.05	<0.01,<0.01
Carotid-femoral PWV (m/s)	8.9 ± 1.5	9.1 ± 1.7	0.2 ± 1.1	9.0 ± 1.5	9.0 ± 1.4	0.1 ± 0.4	0.77	0.69, 0.74
Plasma NOx (µmol/L)	34 ± 11	36 ± 15	1.2 ± 10.2	34 ± 16	31 ± 10	−3.3 ± 13.9	0.50	0.46, 0.31
Plasma L-arginine (µmol/L)	96 ± 47	105 ± 56	9.2 ± 33.2	101 ± 36	144 ± 44*	43.3 ± 38.8	0.02	0.03, 0.05
Men
Seated systolic BP (mmHg)	135 ± 11	132 ± 11	−2.7 ± 12.1	135 ± 14	132 ± 13	−2.5 ± 5.3	0.87	0.73, 0.64
Seated diastolic BP (mmHg)	74 ± 9	73 ± 6	−0.5 ± 7.6	75 ± 9	71 ± 6*	−3.9 ± 5.3	0.04	0.05, 0.17
Carotid-femoral PWV (m/s)	8.8 ± 1.2	8.8 ± 1.0	−0.1 ± 0.4	8.7 ± 1.2	8.8 ± 1.2	0.1 ± 0.7	0.26	0.31, 0.67
Plasma NOx (µmol/L)	32 ± 10	32 ± 12	−0.1 ± 5.7	33 ± 8	33 ± 10	0.2 ± 11.0	0.87	0.95, 0.72
Plasma L-arginine (µmol/L)	96 ± 54	94 ± 37	−2.3 ± 39.1	78 ± 29	119 ± 50*	37.4 ± 31.9	0.01	<0.01, 0.03

Values are mean ± SD. BP, blood pressure, PWV, pulse wave velocity; NOx, nitrite and nitrate; NS, P-value greater than 0.05.

^†, comparison of the change value between conditions after controlling for sequence and period effects in a crossover design.

^*, difference (P < 0.05) between pre and post values within condition.

Model 1 adjusted for order, period, and baseline body mass index. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 plus baseline seated diastolic BP.