Table 3.
Effect of L-citrulline on blood flow during exercise.
| Placebo | L-citrulline | Adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Change | Pre | Post | Change | P Value† | P value | |
| Women | ||||||||
| Mean Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Model 1, 2 | |||||||
| Rest | 86 ± 8 | 88 ± 6 | 1.9 ± 5.6 | 86 ± 8 | 85 ± 8 | −0.8 ± 5.3 | 0.16 | 0.09, 0.15 |
| 0.5 kg | 95 ± 8 | 96 ± 7 | 1.4 ± 6.6 | 96 ± 10 | 95 ± 9 | −1.1 ± 6.9 | 0.23 | 0.35, 0.46 |
| 1.5 kg | 95 ± 7 | 97 ± 7 | 2.1 ± 6.0 | 97 ± 9 | 96 ± 8 | −0.4 ± 5.3 | 0.22 | 0.24, 0.36 |
| Mean Blood Flow (mL/min) | ||||||||
| Rest | 80 ± 28 | 75 ± 36 | −5.4 ± 38.5 | 84 ± 32 | 73 ± 35 | −10.8 ± 27.5 | 0.58 | 0.12, 0.19 |
| 0.5 kg | 374 ± 80 | 364 ± 90 | −9.8 ± 65.9 | 381 ± 99 | 340 ± 102 | −41.4 ± 96.3 | 0.28 | 0.38, 0.23 |
| 1.5 kg | 452 ± 117 | 454 ± 101 | 2.4 ± 67.6 | 430 ± 71 | 415 ± 98 | −15.5 ± 68.2 | 0.55 | 0.40, 0.25 |
| FVC (mL/min/mmHg) | ||||||||
| Rest | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | −0.08 ± 0.40 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | −0.11 ± 0.31 | 0.79 | 0.25, 0.40 |
| 0.5 kg | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | −0.18 ± 0.86 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | −0.40 ± 0.91 | 0.43 | 0.49, 0.20 |
| 1.5 kg | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | −0.10 ± 0.69 | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | −0.17 ± 0.69 | 0.85 | 0.64, 0.30 |
| Men | ||||||||
| Mean Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||
| Rest | 94 ± 9 | 92 ± 6 | −1.8 ± 7.4 | 95 ± 9 | 91 ± 7* | −3.7 ± 3.8 | 0.17 | 0.13, 0.55 |
| 0.5 kg | 102 ± 10 | 101 ± 10 | −0.2 ± 9.2 | 105 ± 12 | 100 ± 9* | −4.1 ± 6.3 | 0.32 | 0.24, 0.58 |
| 1.5 kg | 102 ± 11 | 102 ± 11 | −0.6 ± 7.9 | 103 ± 11 | 100 ± 10* | −3.4 ± 4.5 | 0.56 | 0.47, 0.70 |
| Mean Blood Flow (mL/min) | ||||||||
| Rest | 95 ± 45 | 94 ± 59 | −0.7 ± 50.9 | 85 ± 33 | 84 ± 29 | −1.8 ± 20.3 | 0.84 | 0.99, 0.94 |
| 0.5 kg | 448 ± 132 | 439 ± 127 | −8.5 ± 70.9 | 465 ± 131 | 463 ± 140 | −1.6 ± 81.3 | 0.55 | 0.70, 0.98 |
| 1.5 kg | 565 ± 121 | 555 ± 160 | −10.5 ± 62.6 | 521 ± 134 | 584 ± 166* | 62.6 ± 98.0 | 0.01 | 0.02, 0.10 |
| FVC (mL/min/mmHg) | ||||||||
| Rest | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.02 ± 0.55 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.01 ± 0.20 | 0.74 | 0.89, 0.97 |
| 0.5 kg | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | −0.04 ± 0.71 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 0.17 ± 0.69 | 0.31 | 0.40, 0.83 |
| 1.5 kg | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | −0.06 ± 0.82 | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.7* | 0.77 ± 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.02, 0.10 |
Values are mean ± SD. FVC, femoral vascular conductance; NS, P-value greater than 0.05.
†
, comparison of the change value between conditions after controlling for sequence and period effects in a crossover design.
*
, difference (P < 0.05) between pre and post values within condition.
Model 1 adjusted for order, period, and baseline body mass index. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 plus baseline seated diastolic BP.