Table 2.

Coefficient estimates for models of plant defense chemistry and realized herbivore resistance.

Term type	Coefficient estimate	sym1	(log) IYG3,4	(log) OYG3,4	(log) I3M3,4	larval mass (mg)5
Main effects	Intercept [shade]	α0	−0.2 (−0.44, 0.03)	−0.06 (−0.55, 0.43)	0.05 (−0.1, 60.19)	1.58 (1.34, 1.8)***
	Source [sun]	αk	0.3 (0.02, 0.58)•	–	−0.11 (−0.3, 0.07)	−0.29 (−0.53, −0.01)*
	Garden [sun]	β0	0.24 (0.04, 0.45)*	–	–	−0.36 (−0.68, −0.03)•
	Source [sun] * garden [sun]	βk	−0.39 (−0.62, −0.16)***	–	–	0.33 (−0.05, 0.7)•
Covariate terms	x	γ0	−0.54 (−0.82, −0.27)***	–	0.6 (−0.11, 1.37)	0.18 (−0.01, 0.38)
	x × source [sun]	γ1	–	–	−1.28 (−2.23, −0.44)*	–
	x × garden [sun]	γ2	–	–	–	–
	x × source [sun] × garden [sun]	γ12	–	–	–	–
Random effects2	genet	τα(j)	0.21 (0.13, 0.31)	0.91 (0.62, 1.34)	0.12 (0, 0.21)	0 (0, 0.14)
	garden plot	τβ()	0 (0, 0.08)	0.05 (0, 0.35)	0.03 (0, 0.16)	0.1 (0, 0.18)
	residual error	σe	0.22 (0.18, 0.25)	0.49 (0.41, 0.59)	0.33 (0.28, 0.38)	0.56 (0.5, 0.62)
Model statistics	$R_m^2$		0.14	0	0.12	0.05
	$R_c^2$		0.56	0.78	0.23	0.08

p-values indicated by asterisks:

^•0.05<p<0.1,

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p<0.001 based on t tests using Kenward–Roger approximation for ddf

confidence intervals calculated via profile likelihood.

¹see ESM section 2.1 for symbolic representation of model coefficients in context of regression equations.

²group-level effect estimates are presented on the standard deviation scale.

³covariate = residual(log leaf mass ~ log leaf number)

⁴response = residual(log [GSL] ~ log leaf number)

⁵covariate = larval batch (A or B).