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. 2018 Jun 7;12:158. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00158

Table 2.

Epigenetic enzymes related to inflammation after injury.

Enzyme Alteration after injury Molecular effect Effect on gene expression Genes altered Direct relation to pain Reference
EZH2 Increased Di- and tri-methylation of H3K27 Gene silencing Indirect increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 Yes Arifuzzaman et al., 2017; Yadav and Weng, 2017
JMJD3 Increased Demethylation of H3K27me2/3 De-repression IL-6, BDNF No Lee et al., 2012; Palomer et al., 2016
MeCP2 Increased Binding to CpG Gene silencing Indirect increase of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CSF3 Yes Wang et al., 2011; Tochiki et al., 2012; Cronk et al., 2015
DNMT3B Decreased CpG methylation Gene silencing CXC3R3 Yes Jiang et al., 2017
HATs Increased H3K9 acetylation Gene expression CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1a), MiP-2, VEGFA, CXCR2, CXCR1/CXRR5, VEGFR, BDNF, COX2 Yes Kiguchi et al., 2012, 2013, 2014; Sun et al., 2013; Zhu et al., 2014
HDAC1 Increased H3K9 hypoacetylation Reduction of gene expression Yes Kami et al., 2016
SIRT1 Decreased H3 deacetylation Reduction of gene expression IL-6, INF-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation Yes Yin et al., 2013; He et al., 2014; Shao et al., 2014; Gui et al., 2015
SIRT2 Decreased H3 deacetylation Reduction of gene expression TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and acetylation of the NF-κB p65 Yes Zhang and Chi, 2017
BET proteins Unkown Binding to acetylated histones Gene expression Cytokines, chemokines No Huang et al., 2009; Nicodeme et al., 2010; Gallagher et al., 2014
HHS Vulnerability Disclosure