Table 1.

Effects of the different sub-mitochondrial α-syn localizations on mitochondrial dynamics.

α-syn localization	α-syn effects
	High expression	Low expression
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs)	↓ ER-mito contacts ↓ Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake ↓ ATP synthesis ↑ Mitochondrial fragmentation	↑ ER-mito contacts ↑ Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake ↓ ATP synthesis
(OMM)	↑ Mitochondrial fragmentation ↓ Mitochondrial size ↑ Mitochondrial nuclear clustering ↓ Mitochondrial respiration ↓ Mitochondrial proteins import ↑ ROS production ↑ mtDNA damage ↓ Mitochondrial membrane potential ↓ ATP synthesis
Inter-membrane space (IMS)	↑ mPTP opening ↓ Mitochondrial membrane potential ↑ ROS production ↑ Mitochondrial swelling ↑ Mitochondrial vacuolation ↓ Cristae number
Inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM)	↑ ROS production ↓ Complex I activity
Mitochondrial matrix	↑ ATP synthesis