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. 2018 Jun 7;9:524. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00524

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Copyright © 2018 Chatterjee.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Schematic showing patterns of blood flow. The laminar or regular streamlined blood flow is high in the center of the vessel and faces drag or friction along the walls. Obstructive or stasis causes turbulent flow that is characterized by eddies and whirlpools. (B) Shear stress induced signaling involves sensing (mechanotransduction), transduction and transmission (ROS, NO), reception (cellular receptors), and physiological response (atherosclerosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation).