FIGURE 3.

Histidine increases neurogenesis and ZO-1 protein expression. (A–C) Astrocytes (labeled with red fluorescence) were activated after hypoperfusion, and histidine decreased the activation. (D–F) New-born cells labeled with red fluorescence slightly decreased after hypoperfusion, which was reversed significantly by histidine (n = 6, ^∗p < 0.05 Histidine vs. Hypoperfusion). Vascular endothelial cells were labeled with green fluorescent. All the cell nucleuses were labeled with blue fluorescence. (G) The new-born cells labeled with BrdU⁺ were increased significantly after histidine administration (n = 6, ^∗p < 0.05 vs. Hypoperfusion). (H) The expression of ZO-1 was decreased after hypoperfusion, and partially recovered after histidine administration. (I) The expression level of ZO-1/β-actin decreased significantly after hypoperfusion (n = 6, ^∗∗∗p < 0.05 Hypoperfusion vs. Sham). The expression level was increased significantly when using histidine (n = 6, ^∗p < 0.05 Histidine vs. Hypoperfusion).