Table 4.
The table displays the estimates of diagnostic test accuracy in 2 studies comparing automated trigger-based tools with a manual trigger-based tool as reference standard.
| Study | Type of adverse events | 2x2 table for adverse events (True positive / false positive / false negative / true negative) | Prevalencea, % (95% CI) | Positive predictive valueb, % (95% CI) | False negative ratec (%) |
| Gerdes and Hardahl, 2013 [44] | Pressure ulcer | 28 / 22 / 12 / 436 | 5.6 (3.6-7.6) | 56 (42.2-69.8) | 30 |
| O’Leary et al, 2013 [41] | Adverse drug event | 24 / 22 / 20 / N/Ad | 9.6 (5.9-13.3) | 52.2 (37.7-66.6) | 45.5 |
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Hospital acquired infection | 7 / 11 / 4 / N/A | 2.8 (0.8-4.9) | 38.9 (16.4-61.4) | 36.4 |
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|
Operative or procedural injury | 5 / 4 / 4 / N/A | 2 (0.3-3.7) | 55.6 (23.1-88) | 44.4 |
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|
Manifestation of poor glycemic control | 3 / 2 / 5 / N/A | 1.2 (−0.2 to 2.6) | 60 (17.1-102.9) | 62.5 |
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Pressure ulcer | 0 / 8 / 2 / N/A | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | 100 |
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|
Venous thromboembolism | 5 / 1 / 0 / N/A | 2 (0.3-3.7) | 83.3 (53.5-113.2) | 0 |
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Acute renal failure | 2 / 1 / 0 / N/A | 0.8 (−0.3 to 1.9) | 66.7 (13.3-120) | 0 |
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Delirium | 0 / 0 / 0 / N/A | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | 0 |
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|
Fall | 0 / 0 / 0 / N/A | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | 0 |
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|
Other | 0 / 2 / 5 / N/A | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | 100 |
aPrevalence is calculated by true positive/total number of patients.
bCalculated as triggers corresponding to an adverse event out of all triggers=true positive/(true positive+false positive).
cCalculated as false negative/(false negative+true positive).
dN/A: not applicable.