Table 3.
Baseline characteristics for all 283 T1D patients, and comparisons between patients with galectin-3 levels below and above the 85th percentile.
| Galectin-3 (µg/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.001–100.0 | <2.562 | ≥2.562 | P valuea | |
| n | 283 | 241 | 42 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 161 (57) | 133 (83) | 28 (17) | 0.18 |
| Women | 122 (43) | 108 (88) | 14 (12) | |
| Age (years) | (18–59) | 42 (31, 50) | 46 (36, 54) | 0.050b |
| Diabetes duration (years) | (1–55) | 19 (10, 30) | 24 (16, 31) | 0.095b |
| HbA1c | ||||
| (mmol/mol) | (25–110) | 64 (54, 72) | 61 (54, 67) | 0.40b |
| (%) | (4.4–12.2) | 8.0 (7.1, 8.7) | 7.7 (7.1, 8.3) | |
| TCc (mmol/L) | (2.1–10.9) | 4.6 (4.1, 5.2) | 4.6 (4.1, 5.0) | 0.73b |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | (0.1–5.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.42b |
| LDLd (mmol/L) | (0.6–8.3) | 2.8 (2.4, 3.3) | 2.8 (2.3, 3.3) | 0.56b |
| HDLe (mmol/L) | (0.3–2.7) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 0.55b |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | (28–182) | 70 (61, 78) | 70 (64, 80) | 0.64b |
| Abdominal obesity | 46 (16) | 40 (87) | 6 (13) | >0.99 |
| General obesity | 34 (12) | 31 (91) | 3 (9) | 0.44 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | (90–160) | 120 (110, 130) | 120 (114. 131) | 0.74b |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | (55–100) | 70 (70, 75) | 70 (65, 80) | 0.58b |
| Hypoglycaemia (severe episodes) | 12 (4) | 9 (75) | 3 (25) | 0.40 |
| Smoking | 28 (10) | 23 (82) | 5 (18) | 0.59 |
| Physical inactivity | 31 (12) | 27 (87) | 4 (13) | >0.99 |
| Cardiovascular complications | 10 (3) | 6 (60) | 4 (40) | 0.045 |
| Antidepressants | 23 (8) | 19 (83) | 4 (17) | 0.76 |
| OADf and insulin | 15 (5) | 14 (93) | 1 (7) | 0.71 |
| LLDg | 131 (46) | 111 (85) | 20 (15) | 0.87 |
| AHDh | 95 (34) | 79 (83) | 16 (17) | 0.60 |
aFisher’s exact test unless otherwise indicated. bMann–Whitney U test. cTotal cholesterol. dLow-density lipoprotein. eHigh-density lipoprotein. fOral antidiabetic drugs. gLipid lowering drugs. hAntihypertensive drugs. BP, blood pressure.
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