Figure 3. Meta-analysis of long-term outcomes for rectal cancer. a) The rate of overall recurrence was not significantly different between RAS and LAS (upper part). We found no significant difference in 3-year overall survival rate between RAS and LAS (lower part). b) Urinary dysfunction did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (upper part). There was no significant difference in erectile dysfunction between robotic and laparoscopic groups (lower part).