Table 4.
Energy and nutrients intake of the study participants across different categories of western dietary pattern score.
| Western dietary pattern score | P value∗ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (<−0.84) |
Q2 (−0.84, −0.17) |
Q3 (−0.17, 0.74) |
Q4 (>0.74) |
||
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1664.48±597.611 | 1770.78±589.11 | 2137.48±530.90 | 2499.67±488.63 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 211.54±83.51 | 244.58±89.93 | 289.14±76.29 | 341.10±70.09 | <0.001 |
| Fat (g/day) | 54.20±29.34 | 62.58±29.57 | 79.67±30.17 | 96.24±34.33 | <0.001 |
| Protein (g/day) | 71.22±33.01 | 75.33±28.40 | 89.75±28.46 | 102.15±25.30 | <0.001 |
| Dietary Fiber (g/day) | 22.18±9.93 | 26.82±10.53 | 34.48±11.69 | 41.27±10.96 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 184.85±106.71 | 206.71±104.05 | 261.66±102.22 | 316.83±89.82 | <0.001 |
| Total SFA (g/day) | 18.06±10.47 | 20.06±9.09 | 26.34±11.20 | 32.25±12.43 | <0.001 |
| Total MUFA (g/day) | 15.67±9.26 | 17.06±6.58 | 22.08±8.35 | 25.91±8.76 | <0.001 |
| Total PUFA (g/day) | 9.47±5.11 | 10.98±4.66 | 15.10±6.25 | 18.50±6.26 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 1.30±0.57 | 1.39±0.61 | 1.51±0.60 | 1.62±0.54 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 1.98±1.14 | 2.10±1.14 | 2.46±1.07 | 2.73±1.11 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg/day) | 14.40±5.92 | 15.64±7.49 | 16.94±8.19 | 17.41±6 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B5 (mg/day) | 5.37±2.64 | 5.80±2.75 | 6.50±2.72 | 7.11±2.64 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | 1.68±0.86 | 1.78±0.91 | 2±0.91 | 2.12±0.88 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B9 (μg/day) | 442.48±224.57 | 463.44±199.86 | 527.60±193.20 | 580.48±196.49 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/day) | 4.45±3.13 | 4.39±2.57 | 5.02±2.94 | 5.31±2.37 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 149.67±100.08 | 197.06±124.74 | 243.65±104 | 294.45±105.82 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D (μg/day) | 2.23±2.64 | 2.33±1.91 | 3.07±2.27 | 3.49±1.71 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | 8.56±4.72 | 9.40±4.67 | 10.72±4.13 | 11.53±3.66 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin K (μg/day) | 293.18±269.79 | 294.98±266.17 | 323.85±316.01 | 309.14±248.97 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin A (RE/day) | 564.08±421.46 | 611.98±372.25 | 779.70±501.18 | 858.37±443.16 | <0.001 |
| Beta carotene (μg/day) | 4313.24±3918.66 | 4561.48±3839.90 | 5614.30±4889.62 | 5646.16±4057.77 | 0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 1178.93±719.68 | 1215.76±611.39 | 1354.41±528.62 | 1496.17±462.83 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) | 309.02±138.20 | 355.81±137.75 | 442.82±187.63 | 511.89±164.72 | <0.001 |
| Fe (mg/day) | 10.62±5.50 | 11.86±4.80 | 14.32±5.64 | 16.47±5.09 | <0.001 |
| Manganese (mg/day) | 3.14±1.49 | 3.54±1.58 | 4.12±1.43 | 4.61±1.42 | <0.001 |
| Na (mg/day) | 2745.34±1430.81 | 3048.21±1476.99 | 3298.15±1212.62 | 3509.50±1114.85 | <0.001 |
| K (mg/day) | 3250.01±1554.92 | 3729.22±1369.57 | 4709.18±1700.96 | 5374.23±1588.77 | 0.6 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 10.34±4.52 | 11.26±5.20 | 13.43±6.23 | 15.10±5.21 | <0.001 |
| Copper (mg/day) | 1.19±0.56 | 1.39±0.58 | 1.72±0.65 | 2.05±0.58 | <0.001 |
| Selenium (μg/day) | 61.89±27.44 | 67.61±27.55 | 79.18±27.72 | 90.72±22.46 | <0.001 |
| Chromium (μg/day) | 0.010±0.014 | 0.017±0.024 | 0.016±0.016 | 0.019±0.016 | <0.001 |
MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA: saturated fatty acid.
∗Resulted from analysis of variance.
1Values are presented as mean± SD.