Table 3.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and the anthropometric parameters in babies in the control and the study group

		AED group N = 75 (%)	Controls N = 53 (%)	P
Average age of the baby at examination (months) (SD)
The total study population (N = 75)		5.8 (+/− 6.73)
Cases matched with controls (N = 53)		3.52 (2.79)	3.11 (+/−2.28)	0.30
Average POAa at delivery (weeks) (SD)		38.22 (+/−3.50)	38.52 (+/− 2.06)
Term deliveries		70 (92.1)	48 (90.5)	0.66
Preterm deliveries		5 (6.57)	2 (3.77)	0.49
Sex of the baby
Male		43 (57.33)	29 (54.71)	0.76
Female		32 (42.66)	24 (45.28)	0.76
Mode of delivery
NVDb		55 (73.33)	34 (64.15)	0.26
Forceps delivery		1 (1.33)	1 (1.88)	0.80
Vacuum delivery		1 (1.33)	3 (5.66)	0.16
Elective LSCSc		6 (8)	9 (16.19)	0.06
Emergency LSCSc		10 (13.33)	7 (13.20)	0.23
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)		7 (9.33)	1 (1.88)	0.87
Low birth weight		16 (21.33)	4 (−7.54)	0.03
Examination findings in babies		N = 53	N = 53
Congenital abnormalities (n,%)		5 (9.43)	2 (3.77)	0.24
Atrio-ventricular septal defect		2 (3.77)	0	–
Renal hypoplasia		1 (1.88)	0	–
Cryptorchidism		1 (1.88)	0	–
Microcephaly		1 (1.88)	2 (3.77)	0.35
Anencephaly		0	0	–
Neural tube defects		0	0	–
Cleft palate		0	0	–
Facial measurements (cm)
Inner-canthal distance		3.02	2.4	0.32
Outer-canthal distance		9.3	8.37	0.83
Hair line to chin distance		12.8	12.15	0.24
Facial dysmorphism
Mid-facial hypoplasia		1 (1.66%)	2 (3.77%)	0.16
Smooth philtrum (Astley–Clarren scale 4 &5)		16 (28.07%)	1 (1.88%)	0.0004
Hypertelorism		1 (1.88%)	1 (1.88%)	0.74
Telecanthus		1 (1.88%)	0	–
Epicanthic folds		1 (1.88%)	0	–
Simian crease		0 (1.88%)	0	–
Anthropometry
At birth	Weight (Kg)	2.74	2.91	0.263
	Length (cm)	51.52	51.53	0.363
	OFCd (cm)	32.13	32.85	0.307
At the postpartum visit	Weight (Kg)	4.12	4.97	0.009
	Length (cm)	55.53	58.09	0.016
	OFCd (cm)	37.37	39.49	0.002

^aPeriod of amenorrhea

^bNormal vaginal delivery

^clower segment cesarean section

^dOccipito-frontal circumference