Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with documented ventricular fibrillation.
| SCA with AMIGroup 1 and 2 (n = 53) | SCA without AMIGroup 3 and 4 (n = 21) | P-value | |
| Men | 47 (89%) | 19 (90%) | 0.320 [1] |
| Age (median, years) | 60 (49–69)1 | 70 (63–81)1 | 0.011 [2] |
| BMI (mean, kg/m2) | 27.62 | 27.62 | 0.874 [3] |
| Symptoms prior to SCA | < 0.001 [1] | ||
| Chest pain | 29 (55%) | 1 (5%) | |
| Dyspnoea | 1 (2%) | 2 (9,5%) | |
| Palpitations/syncope | 0 | 1 (5%) | |
| Asymptomatic | 8 (15%) | 7 (33%) | |
| Unknown | 15 (28%) | 10 (48%) | |
| ECG findings | N/A | ||
| STEMI | 35 (66%) | 0 | |
| NSTEMI | 10 (19%) | 0 | |
| Unknown | 8 (15%) | 0 | |
| Ejection fraction (median, %) | 42.5 (30–60)1,4 | 45 (25–60)1,5 | 0.582 [2] |
| Coronary angiography | 0.003 [1] | ||
| Normal | 06 | 4 (29%)7 | |
| 1-vessel disease | 20 (44%)6 | 3 (21%)7 | |
| 2-vessel disease | 11 (24%)6 | 1 (7%)7 | |
| 3-vessel disease | 14 (31%)6 | 6 (43 %)7 | |
| Coronary intervention | |||
| LAD | 26 (58%)6 | 1 (7%)7 | < 0.001 [1] |
| CX | 11 (24%)6 | 0 | 0.051 [1] |
| RCA | 7 (16%)6 | 1 (7%)7 | 0.666 [1] |
| Hypothermic treatment | 34 (69%)8 | 15 (83%)9 | 0.356 [1] |
| Implantation of ICD | 1 (2%) | 10 (48%) | < 0.0001 [1] |
| Death prior to discharge | 21 (40%) | 9 (43%) | 0.799 [1] |
| Previous history | |||
| Angina pectoris | 5 (11%)10 | 3 (16%)11 | 0.683 [1] |
| Myocardial infarction | 10 (19%)12 | 11 (52%) | 0.009 [1] |
| Heart failure | 1 (2%)13 | 15 (71%) | < 0.001 [1] |
| Previous CABG | 2 (4%)12 | 4 (19%) | 0.053 [1] |
| Previous PCI | 5 (10%)12 | 3 (14%) | 0.682 [1] |
| Hypertension | 19 (39%)8 | 12 (60%)14 | 0.120 [1] |
| Mitral insufficiency | 3 (6%)15 | 13 (62%) | < 0.001 [1] |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (13%)16 | 3 (14%) | 1,0 [1] |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 27 (54%)17 | 5 (26%)11 | 0.058 [1] |
| Smoking | |||
| Current smoking | 11 (30%)18 | 6 (35%)19 | |
| Ex-smoker | 21 (57%)18 | 6 (35%)19 | |
| Family history | 21 (66%)20 | 6 (46%)7 | 0.317 [1] |
| Medication prior to admission | |||
| Beta-blocker | 4 (10%)21 | 10(48%) | 0.003 [1] |
| Ca-blocker | 8 (20%)21 | 6 (29%) | 0.524 [1] |
| ACEI/ARB | 6 (15%)21 | 15 (71%) | < 0.001 [1] |
| Diuretics | 3 (7%)21 | 13 (62%) | < 0.001 [1] |
| ASA | 8 (20%)21 | 7 (33%) | 0.347 [1] |
| Warfarin | 1 (2%)21 | 9 (43%) | 0.0001 [1] |
| Statins | 11 (26%)22 | 13 (62%) | 0.0121 [1] |
| Anti-arrhythmics | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Baseline blood samples (median) | |||
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9(3.4–4.1)1,15 | 4.2(3.4–4.5)1,19 | 0.214 [2] |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 98 (86–114)1 | 121 (89–139)1 | 0.035 [2] |
| Total-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 (3.9–6.1)1 | 3.9 (3.2–4.2)1 | < 0.001 [2] |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 14.2 (10.3–19.4)1,21 | 13.5 (8.8–14.7)1,11 | 0.240 [2] |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.9 (1.1–3.7)1 | 2.0 (1.1–10.8)1 | 0.387 [2] |
| hs-cTNT (ng/L) | 97.4 (25.8–272)1 | 51.6 (26.1–125)1 | 0.185 [2] |
| Copeptin (pmol/L) | 558 (261–1,029)1,17 | 454 (175–517)1,11 | 0.088 [2] |
| Copeptin ultrasensitive (pmol/L) | 464 (241–833)1 | 389 (133–500)1,14 | 0.105 [2] |
| NT-proBNP (pmol/L) | 28.2 (13.8–76.8)1 | 165 (59.4–340)1 | 0.000 [2] |
Categorical data are given as n (%). Median values of continuous datagiven with 25th and 75th percentiles in parentheses(interquartile range). Nd = no data. 1Median with range, 2n = 29, 3n = 14, 4n = 30, 5n = 11, 6n = 45, 7n = 13, 8n = 49, 9n = 18, 10n = 46, 11n = 19, 12n = 52, 13n = 51, 14n = 20, 15n = 47, 16n = 48, 17n = 50, 18n = 37, 19n = 17, 20n = 32, 21n = 41, 22n = 42. [1] Fisher’s exact test, [2] Kruskal-Wallis test, [3] One-way analysis of variance.
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ASA, acetylsalisylic acid; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CX, circumflex; ECG, electrocardiography; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HF, heart failure; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LAD, left anterior descending artery; RCA, right coronary artery; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SCD, sudden cardiac death; SD, standard deviation; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; hsTnT, high-sensitivity troponin-T.