Figure 1.
Gating charge and eM are coupled. A, Example of currents and eM at 97.7 Hz. Harmonics (1, 2, 3) are generated by nonlinearities in the process generating mechanical responses. B, Comparison of average (n = 6) relative magnitude and phase of eM and prestin sensor charge (Qp) for harmonics 1, 2, and 3, illustrating tight coupling between the two measures of prestin activity across frequencies. Responses were time averaged 8–64 times to achieve an equal signal-to-noise ratio across frequencies. Fifty millivolt peak discrete AC bursts across harmonic frequencies were delivered to explicitly excite the OHC eM nonlinearity and generate fundamental and harmonic responses.